NCM 102 MIDTERM

• What is the definition of health education process?

  A process with intellectual, psychological, and social dimensions that increases people's abilities to make informed decisions.
• How does health education process relate to health and disease issues?

  It helps individuals make informed decisions affecting their personal, family, and community well-being.
• What are the main components of the health education process?

  Assessing, designing, implementing, evaluating, and documenting educational programs.
• What are the two major interdependent operations in the education process?

  • Teaching
  • Learning
• What is the role of teaching in the health education process?

  It involves planning and implementing instructional activities to meet intended learner outcomes.
• How is learning defined in the context of health education?

  As a change in behavior that can occur at any time due to exposure to environmental stimuli.
• What is patient education?

  A process of assisting people to learn health-related behaviors and incorporate them into everyday life.
• What are the roles of an educator in learning?

  • Assessing problems
  • Providing information
  • Identifying progress
  • Giving feedback and follow-up
  • Reinforcing learning
  • Evaluating learner's abilities
• What are the three pillars of health education?

  Teacher, learner, and subject-matter.
• How does the education process differ from the nursing process?

  • Education process focuses on learning needs and teaching plans.
  • Nursing process focuses on physical and psychosocial needs and care plans.
• What are learning needs?


  Gaps between what one knows and what they need to know.
• What is the purpose of assessing learning needs?

  To discover what has to be taught and determine the extent of instruction needed.
• What are the steps in assessing learning needs?

  1. Identify the learner
  2. Choose the right setting
  3. Collect data on the learner
  4. Include the learner
  5. Involve members of the health care team
  6. Prioritize needs
• What are the prioritization criteria for learning needs?

  • Mandatory Needs: Essential for survival or safety.
  • Desirable Needs: Related to well-being but not life-dependent.
  • Possible Needs: Nice to know but not essential.
• What are some methods of assessing learning needs?

  1. Informal conversations
  2. Structured interviews
  3. Focus groups
  4. Observations
  5. Client's chart
• What does readiness to learn refer to?

  The time when learners demonstrate an interest in learning necessary information for optimal health.
• What are the four types of readiness to learn according to Lichthental (1990)?

  • Physical Readiness
  • Emotional Readiness
  • Experiential Readiness
  • Knowledge Readiness
• What factors are included in Physical Readiness?

  Measures of ability, complexity of the task, health status, gender, and environmental effects.
• What factors are included in Emotional Readiness?

  Anxiety level, support system, motivation, risk-taking behavior, frame of mind, and developmental stages.
• What factors are included in Experiential Learning?

  Level of aspirations, past coping mechanisms, cultural background, locus of control, and orientation.
• What does Knowledge Readiness refer to?

  Present knowledge base and cognitive ability.
• What are learning styles?

  • Ways in which an individual processes information.
  • Different approaches or methods of learning.
• What are the six learning style principles according to Friedman and Alley (1984)?

  1. Identify teaching and learning styles.
  2. Guard against over-teaching by preferred styles.
  3. Assist students in identifying their style preferences.
  4. Provide opportunities to learn through preferred styles.
  5. Encourage diversification of style preferences.
  6. Develop activities that reinforce each modality or style.
• What is Kolb's Cycle of Learning?

  • A theory of experiential learning.
  • Learning is a continuous process grounded in the reality that the learner is not a blank slate.
• What are Kolb's four learning styles?

  1. Converger: Abstract conceptualization & active experimentation.
  2. Diverger: Concept experience & reflective observation.
  3. Accommodator: Concrete experience & active experimentation.
  4. Assimilator: Abstract conceptualization & reflective observation.
• What is the Gregorc Cognitive Styles Model?

  • Developed an instrument called the Gregorc Style Delineator.
  • Learning style consists of distinctive and observable behavior.
• What are the four mediation channels in the Gregorc Cognitive Styles Model?

  1. Concrete Sequential (CS)
  2. Concrete Random (CR)
  3. Abstract Sequential (AS)
  4. Abstract Random (AR)
• What are the characteristics of Field-Independent Style?

  • Strong mathematical reasoning.
  • Recognizes and recalls details.
  • Analyzes elements of situations.
  • More task-oriented.
  • Forms attitudes independently.
• What are the characteristics of Field-Dependent Style?

  • Difficulty with mathematical reasoning.
  • Does not perceive details.
  • Analyzes the whole picture.
  • More people-oriented.
  • Attitudes guided by authority figures or peer groups.
• What are some learning style instruments?

  • Gardner's Seven Types of Intelligence
  • Right-Brain/Left-Brain and Whole-Brain Thinking
  • Embedded Figures Test
  • Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Inventory
  • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
  • 4MAT System
• Who authored "Essentials of Patient Education"?

  1. Bastable
• What is the title of the course pack mentioned in the references?

  Health Education for Nursing and Allied Professionals