Canine infectious diseases

• What can cause a "false negative" result in infectious disease testing?

  Recent infection or inappropriate sample/sampling site.
• How do dogs typically become infected with Leptospira?

  Through indirect contact with contaminated water or infected urine.
• What are the clinical signs of canine leptospirosis?

  Lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
• What does the presence of thrombocytopenia and azotaemia indicate in a dog?

  Possible acute kidney injury or leptospirosis.
• What is the treatment for canine leptospirosis?

  Antibiotics such as IV penicillin and oral doxycycline.
• How can canine leptospirosis be prevented?

  Through vaccination and proper sanitation to kill leptospires.
• What breeds are more commonly affected by sinonasal aspergillosis?

  Dolichocephalic breeds.
• What are the diagnostic methods for aspergillosis?

  Culturing nasal discharge, serology, advanced imaging, and confirmation via fungal culture or histology.
• What is the treatment for sinonasal aspergillosis?

  Oral antifungals and possibly topical treatments like endoscopic debridement.
• What is the primary clinical disease caused by canine parvovirus?

  Enteritis and bone marrow suppression.
• What are the clinical signs of canine parvovirus infection?

  Vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, lethargy, and abdominal pain.
• What diagnostic methods are used for canine parvovirus?

  ELISA antigen test and PCR on faeces.
• What is the treatment for canine parvovirus infection?

  IV fluid therapy, electrolyte supplementation, and supportive care.
• How can canine parvovirus be prevented?

  Through vaccination and disinfection of contaminated areas.
• What does canine adenovirus type 1 cause?

  Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH).
• What are the clinical signs of infectious canine hepatitis?

  Pyrexia, lethargy, bleeding disorders, and signs of liver failure.
• What is the diagnosis method for infectious canine hepatitis?

  PCR on secretions or excretions.
• What is the treatment for infectious canine hepatitis?

  Supportive and symptomatic treatment only.
• How can infectious canine hepatitis be prevented?

  Through vaccination and isolation of infected dogs.
• What are the modes of transmission for canine distemper virus?

  Airborne aerosols and other excretions/secretions.
• What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus infection?

  Neurological signs, systemic signs, and gastrointestinal signs.
• How do systemic signs of canine distemper virus differ from neurological signs?

  Systemic signs occur first, followed by neurological signs in some cases.
• What are the key clinical signs of canine distemper virus?

  • Pyrexia
  • GI signs
  • Pneumonia
  • Neurological signs (seizures, ataxia)
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • Pustular skin lesions
• What is the significance of myoclonia in canine distemper virus infection?

  It is a nearly pathognomonic sign indicating neurological involvement.
• What are the common diagnostic methods for canine distemper virus?

  Clinical signs, travel history, and vaccination status.
• What is the treatment approach for canine distemper virus?

  Supportive and symptomatic treatment only.
• How can canine distemper virus be prevented?

  Through vaccination and isolation of infected dogs.
• What is the core method of prevention for canine distemper virus (CDV)?

  Vaccination
• How is canine distemper virus (CDV) transmitted?

  Air-borne aerosols and excretions/secretions
• What neurological signs can develop in dogs infected with canine distemper virus (CDV)?

  Seizures, ataxia, hypermetria, para/tetraparesis, neck pain
• What are the first signs of systemic illness in dogs infected with CDV?

  Pyrexia, GI signs, pneumonia, hyperkeratosis, pustular skin lesions
• What are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus (CDV)?

  • Neurological signs: seizures, ataxia, hypermetria, para/tetraparesis, neck pain
  • Systemic signs: pyrexia, GI signs, pneumonia, hyperkeratosis, pustular skin lesions
• What is the primary method for diagnosing canine distemper virus (CDV)?

  Clinical signs
• What sample type can be used for PCR testing for canine distemper virus (CDV)?

  Almost any sample type
• What is the treatment approach for canine distemper virus (CDV)?

  Supportive and symptomatic treatment
• How do dogs become infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum?

  By eating infected intermediate hosts like slugs and snails
• What are the main clinical presentations of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection?

  Respiratory signs, right-sided heart failure, bleeding tendency
• What is the primary diagnostic method for Angiostrongylus vasorum?

  Modified Baermann flotation
• What is the treatment for Angiostrongylus vasorum infection?

  Imidacloprid/moxidectin or milbemycin
• What are the common clinical signs of brucellosis in dogs?

  Infertility, abortion, weak puppies, orchitis, lymphadenopathy