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Physics paper 1- Atomic structure+radioactivity
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Cards (161)
What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on the basic structure of atoms?
The basic structure of atoms, the radius of an atom and nucleus, and how electron arrangement changes with radiation.
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What is the approximate radius of an atom?
About
1
×
1
0
−
10
m
1 \times 10^{-10} \text{ m}
1
×
1
0
−
10
m
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How does the radius of the nucleus compare to the radius of the atom?
The radius of the nucleus is less than 1,000th the radius of the atom.
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Where is most of the mass of the atom concentrated?
Almost all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
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What two particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons.
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What charge do protons have?
Protons have a
positive
charge.
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What charge do neutrons have?
Neutrons have no charge; they are
neutral
.
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What is the overall charge of the nucleus and why?
The nucleus has an overall positive charge due to the presence of
protons
.
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What charge do electrons have?
Electrons have a negative charge.
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Where are electrons found in an atom?
Electrons are found in energy levels surrounding the nucleus.
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How does the energy of an electron relate to its distance from the nucleus?
Energy levels further from the nucleus are at a higher energy than those closer to the nucleus.
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What happens to an electron when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation?
The electron can move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level.
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What occurs when an electron emits electromagnetic radiation?
The electron returns to a lower energy level from a higher energy level.
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What are the key concepts related to the structure of atoms that you should learn from this video?
Basic structure of atoms
Radius of an atom:
1
×
1
0
−
10
m
1 \times 10^{-10} \text{ m}
1
×
1
0
−
10
m
Radius of the nucleus: less than
1,000th
the
radius
of the atom
Composition of the nucleus:
protons
(positive charge) and
neutrons
(neutral)
Electrons
(negative charge) in
energy levels
around the nucleus
Energy levels: further from the nucleus = higher energy
Electron movement: absorbs radiation to move to higher energy levels, emits radiation to return to lower energy levels
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What should you be able to do by the end of the video?
Use atomic and
mass numbers
to work out the number of
protons
,
neutrons
, and
electrons
in atoms
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What is meant by an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of
neutrons
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What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained
electrons
, resulting in a charge
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What are the two types of particles found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons
and
neutrons
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What charge do protons have?
Positive charge
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What charge do neutrons have?
No charge
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What charge do electrons have?
Negative charge
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What is the atomic number of sodium?
11
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What does the atomic number represent?
The number of
protons
in an atom
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What is the mass number of sodium?
23
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What does the mass number represent?
The total number of
protons
and
neutrons
in an atom
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How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the
atomic number
from the
mass number
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How many neutrons does a sodium atom have if its mass number is 23?
12
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Why do all sodium atoms have 11 protons?
Because the
atomic number
of sodium is always 11
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What happens to the charge of an atom when it loses an electron?
It becomes
positively charged
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What is the charge of a sodium ion after losing one electron?
+
1
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What is the charge of an ion if it loses two electrons?
+
2
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Can atoms gain electrons to form negative ions?
Yes
, atoms can gain electrons to form
negative
ions
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What are the key components of an atom?
Central nucleus
Protons
(positive charge)
Neutrons
(no charge)
Electrons
(negative charge in
energy levels
)
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What is the relationship between protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom?
Number of
protons
= Number of
electrons
Overall
charge of the atom is
neutral
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What are the characteristics of isotopes?
Same
atomic number
(same element)
Different
mass numbers
(different number of neutrons)
Some isotopes are
radioactive
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What is the significance of atomic and mass numbers in chemistry?
Atomic number indicates the number of protons
Mass number indicates the total number of protons and neutrons
Helps in identifying elements and their isotopes
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What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on atomic structure?
Early ideas of the structure of atoms, the
alpha scattering experiment
, and the discovery of
electron energy levels
,
protons
, and
neutrons
.
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What did the ancient Greeks believe about atoms?
They believed that everything is made of atoms, which are tiny
spheres
that cannot be divided.
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What significant discovery was made in 1897 regarding atoms?
Scientists discovered that atoms contain tiny negative particles called
electrons
.
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How did the discovery of electrons change the view of atomic structure?
It showed that atoms are not tiny spheres that cannot be divided and must have an
internal structure
.
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See all 161 cards
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