Gender and Culture Bias

• What is usually assumed when discussing a psychological theory?


  It applies to everyone.
• What problematic aspect arises when examining the creators of psychological theories?

  The majority were white males, potentially influencing the theories.
• What does the term "WEIRD" refer to in psychological research?

  Participants are mostly Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic.
• What are the two particular sources of bias in psychology discussed?

  • Gender bias
  • Culture bias
• What is the new feature of the Psych Boost flashcard app?

  It includes over 1,500 multiple choice questions on GCSE psychology topics.
• Why are issues and debates in psychology often linked to other parts of the course?

  They provide excellent evaluations for other topics.
• What does bias in psychology imply about psychologists' views?

  It means their pre-existing views influence their theories and data interpretation.
• What is the consequence of bias in psychological research?

  It leads to an invalid understanding of human behavior.
• What is gender bias in psychological research?

  • Stereotypical beliefs about male and female behavior influence theories.
  • It can misrepresent actual behavior differences.
• What is cultural bias in psychology?

  • Judging behavior through one's own cultural expectations.
  • Often involves an ethnocentric viewpoint.
• What does universality mean in psychology?

  It argues that observed behavior is true for all humans despite differences.
• What is the problem with claiming universality in psychological findings?

  Findings may not be generalizable if not tested on diverse samples.
• What does the term "WEIRD" stand for in psychological research?

  Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic.
• What is the issue with the samples used in psychological research?

  They are often opportunity samples, not representative of all humanity.
• What is alpha bias in psychology?

  It assumes significant behavioral differences between genders.
• What is an example of alpha bias in attachment theory?

  Bowlby's theory emphasizes the mother's role over the father's role.
• What does evolutionary theory suggest about male and female sexual behavior?

  It argues that males are innately promiscuous while females seek resourceful partners.
• What is beta bias in psychology?

  It assumes no differences in behavior between males and females.
• What is an example of beta bias in Milgram's research?

  All participants were male, ignoring potential gender differences in obedience.
• What is the fight or flight response based on?

  It is based on a male survival strategy.
• What alternative response to stress does Taylor propose for females?

  Tending and befriending to maximize survival for themselves and their children.
• What is cultural bias in psychology?

  • Interpreting behavior through one's cultural lens.
  • Often leads to misrepresentation of non-Western behaviors.
• What percentage of psychological research subjects come from the United States?

  68%
• What is the issue with Western definitions of mental health?

  They may not apply to non-Western individuals, leading to misdiagnosis.
• What is ethnocentrism in psychology?

  Viewing one's own culture as superior to others.
• What is an example of ethnocentrism in attachment research?

  Ainsworth's Strange Situation may misinterpret behaviors in non-Western cultures.
• What does cultural relativism mean in psychology?

  Human behavior can only be understood in its cultural context.
• How can bias in psychology be reduced?

  • Admit there is a problem.
  • Avoid assuming universal norms.
  • Promote equal representation of researchers.
  • Use diverse samples in research.
  • Reflect on personal biases.
• What is the importance of diverse samples in psychological research?

  Diverse samples help ensure findings are generalizable across cultures.
• What does a reflexive approach in research involve?

  Researchers reflect on their own beliefs and values that may influence their work.
• Why is it important to clarify the context of findings in research reports?

  To prevent misleading interpretations by others.