topic 1

    Cards (18)

    • treaty of London 1518:
      signed in London in1518 as a Muslim army from turkey was invading Italy and the pope needed help from Europe.
      Wolsey took it as an opportunity and called the meeting.
      Significance
      success:
      • able to convince Henry to go for a peaceful approach instead of war
      • made peace with the french
      • made Henry look like a great peacemaker (centre of events)
      • failures:
      • Henry didn't get war (no military glory)
      • Wolsey basically made friends with henrys enemies
    • field of cloth of gold 1520:
      signed an alliance treaty with france
      symbolised henrys wealth and success
      the treaty fell through
      significance
      success:
      • able to look equal to francis
      • had a meal with each others wives to demonstrate trust
      • Wolsey able to avoid war by making spectacular peace
      • failures:
      • spent a fortune to prove his superiority but failed
      • waste of time as Henry joined Charles in war against francis
    • foreign policy 1521-28
      france and Holy Roman Empire:
      protected England from france however Charles didn't want a war with france
      they had different aims
      significance
      success:
      very close to invading france (close as he ever got)
      war didn't happen due to external factors (Charles)
      failures:
      didn't actually invade france
      causes biggest uprising against Henry to date
      ran out of money (no money = no war)
    • domestic policies- enclosures:
      common land with fences for their own use. caused unemployment
      increased the number of the wandering poor (vagrants)
      successes:
      failures:
      made enemies with landowners
      continued to enclose illegally anyways
    • domestic policies- justice:
      wanted everyone to be treated equally in court
      earl of northumberland imprisoned for refusing to obey a courts decision
      successes:
      some people were helped by this system
      failures:
      too many cases for the courts to deal with
      gained more enemies than made friends
    • domestic policies- finance:
      ordinary income= rents, expected to pay the costs of the king and his family
      extraordinary income= taxes to pay for wars
      successes:
      collected lots of money (£800 k)
      failures:
      spent more money than what was being raised because of warfare
    • domestic policies- Eltham ordinances
      cost of the royal household was too much
      group of young noblemen in the household were trying to persuade the king to reduce Wolseys power
      successes:
      was trying to get his marriage annulled at the same time (something that would make Henry like him more)
      failures:
      none of the changes were made so no money was saved
    • domestic policies- amicable grant
      tax from the 'kindness of peoples hearts'
      successes:
      failures:
      people couldn't afford it
      caused a huge rebellion (4000 marched London)
      Wolsey had to abandon the grant and pardon the rebel leaders
    • why did Henry want an annulment- succession
      needed male heir desperately
      Catherine failed to do her duty to the king
      getting to old to concieve
      Mary prepared for role of future wife not to be queen
      significance:
      no heir means threat of invasion from Yorkists
      no heir means the end of the Tudor dynasty
    • why did Henry want an annulment- invalid marriage
      influenced by Leviticus (said that its bad to marry your brothers wife)
      needed an annulment to 'cleanse his soul'
      significance:
      Catherine had to go as she physically couldn't give him what he needed; a male heir
    • why did Henry want an annulment- Anne boleyn
      Henry was attracted to the young and beautiful anne
      could potentially give him a male heir
      refused to become his mistress so he HAD to marry her
      significance:
      believed she was the one to provide him with a male heir (kings great matter)
    • why did the pope not grant an annulment- Charles v
      Charles not allied with henry
      Charles is in control of the pope
      Catherine was Charles's aunt
      Charles couldn't let annulment go ahead as it would be embarrassing for his aunt
      significance:
      Charles in control of pope and could dictate him
      didn't allow the annnulment
    • why did the pope not grant an annulment- Catherines plea
      declared marriage was legal
      said annulment shouldn't be passes
      stressed her love/ devotion/ loyalty to Henry for 24 years
      significance:
      won massive sympathy
      held herself with dignity and gained many supporters
      cardinal campeggio felt sorry for her
    • why did the pope not grant an annulment- popes reluctance to contradict
      pope reluctant to go against pope Julius's dispensation (allowed Henry to marry Catherine in the first place)
      significance:
      pope didn't want other leaders to question his authority and decisions
      damages his papal power
    • why did Wolsey fall from power- failed annulment
      pope recalled the case to rome
      Henry blamed Wolsey as it was his job to get the annulment and his idea to involve the papacy
      left Wolsey open to attack as his enemies in court had chance to persuade Henry to get rid of W
      significance:
      let to Henry losing trust in wolsey
      Henry relied on trust and loyalty so he saw this as a betrayal from Wolsey
    • why did Wolsey fall from power- nobility
      disliked by nobles due to his lower class upbringing (dad was a butcher)
      significance:
      eventually led to his downfall as his enemies outsmarted him
    • why did Wolsey fall from power- personality
      he was smart, eager and confident
      very loyal
      but had a luge ambition and lust for power
      significance:
      lust for power annoyed the nobles- turned them against him
      nobles tried to trick the king into believing he was trying to steal his throne
    • why did Wolsey fall from power- Wolseys letters
      the lords and nobility forged a letter of Wolsey having private conversations with the pope
      significance:
      classed as treason as he was talking to one of the kings rivals
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