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Henry 8th
topic 1
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treaty of London
1518
:
signed in London in1518 as a
Muslim
army from
turkey
was invading
Italy
and the pope needed help from
Europe.
Wolsey took it as an opportunity and called the
meeting.
Significance
success:
able to convince Henry to go for a
peaceful
approach instead of war
made peace with the
french
made Henry look like a great
peacemaker
(centre of events)
failures:
Henry didn't get
war
(no
military
glory)
Wolsey basically made friends with henrys
enemies
field of cloth of gold
1520
:
signed an
alliance
treaty with
france
symbolised henrys
wealth
and
success
the treaty fell through
significance
success:
able to look
equal
to
francis
had a
meal
with each others
wives
to demonstrate
trust
Wolsey able to
avoid
war by making spectacular
peace
failures:
spent a
fortune
to prove his
superiority
but
failed
waste of
time
as Henry joined Charles in war against
francis
foreign policy
1521-28
france and Holy
Roman
Empire:
protected
England
from
france
however
Charles
didn't want a
war
with france
they had different
aims
significance
success:
very close to
invading france
(
close
as he ever got)
war didn't happen due to
external factors
(Charles)
failures:
didn't actually
invade
france
causes biggest
uprising
against
Henry
to date
ran out of
money
(no money = no
war
)
domestic policies- enclosures:
common
land with
fences
for their
own
use. caused
unemployment
increased the number of the
wandering
poor (
vagrants
)
successes:
failures:
made enemies with
landowners
continued to enclose
illegally
anyways
domestic policies- justice:
wanted everyone to be treated
equally
in court
earl of
northumberland
imprisoned for
refusing
to obey a courts decision
successes:
some people were
helped
by this system
failures:
too many
cases
for the courts to deal with
gained more
enemies
than made
friends
domestic policies- finance:
ordinary
income=
rents
, expected to pay the
costs
of the
king
and his family
extraordinary
income=
taxes
to pay for
wars
successes:
collected lots of
money
(
£800
k)
failures:
spent more
money
than what was being
raised
because of
warfare
domestic policies-
Eltham
ordinances
cost
of the royal
household
was too much
group of young
noblemen
in the household were trying to
persuade
the king to reduce
Wolseys
power
successes:
was trying to get his marriage
annulled
at the same time (something that would make
Henry
like him more)
failures:
none of the changes were made so no
money
was saved
domestic policies-
amicable
grant
tax from the
'kindness
of peoples
hearts'
successes:
failures:
people
couldn't
afford it
caused a huge
rebellion
(
4000
marched London)
Wolsey had to
abandon
the grant and
pardon
the
rebel
leaders
why did Henry want an annulment- succession
needed
male
heir desperately
Catherine
failed
to do her
duty
to the king
getting to
old
to
concieve
Mary prepared for role of future
wife
not to be
queen
significance:
no heir means threat of
invasion
from
Yorkists
no heir means the end of the
Tudor
dynasty
why did Henry want an annulment- invalid marriage
influenced by
Leviticus
(said that its
bad
to marry your brothers wife)
needed an
annulment
to 'cleanse his
soul'
significance:
Catherine had to go as she
physically
couldn't give him what he needed; a
male
heir
why did Henry want an annulment- Anne boleyn
Henry was attracted to the
young
and
beautiful
anne
could potentially give him a
male
heir
refused to become his
mistress
so he
HAD
to
marry
her
significance:
believed she was the one to provide him with a
male
heir (kings
great matter
)
why did the pope not grant an annulment- Charles v
Charles not
allied
with henry
Charles is in
control
of the
pope
Catherine
was Charles's
aunt
Charles couldn't let
annulment
go ahead as it would be
embarrassing
for his aunt
significance:
Charles in control of pope and could
dictate
him
didn't allow the
annnulment
why did the pope not grant an annulment- Catherines plea
declared marriage was
legal
said annulment shouldn't be
passes
stressed her love/
devotion
/ loyalty to Henry for
24
years
significance:
won massive
sympathy
held herself with
dignity
and gained many
supporters
cardinal
campeggio
felt
sorry
for her
why did the pope not grant an annulment- popes reluctance to contradict
pope reluctant to go against pope
Julius's
dispensation
(allowed Henry to marry Catherine in the first place)
significance:
pope didn't want other
leaders
to question his
authority
and
decisions
damages his
papal
power
why did Wolsey fall from power- failed annulment
pope recalled the case to
rome
Henry
blamed
Wolsey as it was his job to get the annulment and his idea to involve the
papacy
left Wolsey open to
attack
as his enemies in court had chance to
persuade
Henry to get rid of W
significance:
let to Henry losing
trust
in wolsey
Henry relied on trust and
loyalty
so he saw this as a
betrayal
from Wolsey
why did Wolsey fall from power- nobility
disliked by
nobles
due to his
lower
class upbringing (dad was a
butcher
)
significance:
eventually led to his
downfall
as his
enemies
outsmarted him
why did Wolsey fall from power- personality
he was
smart
,
eager
and
confident
very
loyal
but had a
luge
ambition and
lust
for power
significance:
lust for power
annoyed
the nobles- turned them against him
nobles tried to
trick
the king into believing he was trying to
steal
his throne
why did Wolsey fall from power- Wolseys letters
the
lords
and
nobility
forged a letter of Wolsey having
private
conversations with the pope
significance:
classed as
treason
as he was talking to one of the kings
rivals
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