UNIT 2 PP7

• What are the key concepts when considering the accuracy and precision of measurement techniques?

  Reliability, validity, and responsiveness
• What does reliability refer to in measurement tools?

  It refers to the measurement tool producing the same result when used by different independent assessors.
• How is validity defined in the context of measurement tools?

  Validity refers to the ability of a measurement tool to measure what it is supposed to measure.
• What does responsiveness indicate about a measurement instrument?

  Responsiveness indicates the ability of an instrument to detect changes over time.
• What is behavioral reactivity in the context of measuring physical activity?

  Behavioral reactivity refers to the phenomenon where the use of measurement tools can change physical activity behaviors.
• What are objective methods of data collection in physical activity measurement?

  Methods that do not need the participant to process information and exist independently of their thoughts.
• What are some examples of objective measures for physical activity?

  • Direct observation
  • Pedometers
  • Accelerometers
  • Inclinometers
  • Activity trackers
  • Smartphone apps
  • Heart rate monitors
• How do accelerometers function in measuring physical activity?

  Accelerometers detect movement in a vertical plane based on the frequency and intensity of the movement.
• What is the process of data collection using accelerometers?

  Movement counts are averaged over defined time frames, stored in memory, and subsequently downloaded to a computer.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using accelerometers?

  Advantages:

  • Record data in real time
  • Measure intensity, frequency, and duration
  • Low impact on participants
  • Useful for children
  • Not likely to be reactive
  • Sensitive

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Expensive
  • Require computer software for analysis
  • Complicated data interpretation
  • Not suitable for large groups
• What do inclinometers measure?

  Inclinometers measure posture and can distinguish between sitting, standing, and lying.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using inclinometers?

  Advantages:

  • Accurate assessment of anatomical position
  • Extract data from specific periods
  • Minimize measurement error
  • Useful for children
  • Not likely to be reactive

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Expensive
  • Inability to provide contextual information
  • Not suitable for large groups
  • May be uncomfortable to wear
• What is direct observation in measuring physical activity?

  Direct observation involves watching subjects behave in specific environments like homes, workplaces, or parks.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct observation?

  Advantages:

  • Allows for a range of data to be gathered
  • Particularly useful among children
  • Enables assessment of dimensions of physical activity

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Expensive due to multiple observers
  • Requires adequate training for inter-rater reliability
  • Not suitable for all domains
  • Observers can influence activity patterns (reactivity)
• How do heart rate monitors function in measuring physical activity?

  Heart rate monitors measure heart rate response to exercise, indicating physiological stress on the body.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using heart rate monitors?

  Advantages:

  • Measures frequency, intensity, and duration
  • Low impact on participants
  • Relatively accurate at moderate and vigorous intensities
  • Not likely to be reactive

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Expensive
  • Inaccuracy due to factors like stress and temperature
  • Not suitable for large groups
• What do pedometers measure?

  Pedometers assess the total number of steps taken and can estimate distance, time, and energy expenditure.
• What is the benchmark number of steps for achieving health benefits?

  10,000 steps per day
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using pedometers?

  Advantages:

  • Simple to use and cheap
  • Unobtrusive
  • Effective motivational tool

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Inaccuracy in calculating distances
  • Sensitivity may lead to inaccuracies in step count
  • Doesn’t record intensity
  • Likely to be reactive
• What do activity trackers measure?

  Activity trackers can count steps, tally kilometers traveled, calculate kilojoules burnt, and monitor heart rates.
• How do GPS trackers enhance activity tracking?

  GPS trackers provide accurate measures of distance, pace, and intensity when fitted with a heart rate monitor.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using activity trackers and smartphone apps?

  Advantages:

  • Increase fitness awareness
  • Effective motivational tool
  • Track activity levels and make comparisons

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Expensive
  • Inaccuracy in calculating distances
  • Basic models don’t record intensity
  • Likely to be reactive
• What are the measurement tools and their capabilities in estimating energy expenditure?

  • Accelerometer: Yes (Indirect)
  • Heart Rate Monitoring: Yes (Direct)
  • Pedometer: No
  • Activity Trackers & Phone Apps: No (unless HR monitor function)
  • Inclinometer: No
  • Direct Observation: Yes (Indirect)
  • Self Report: Yes (Indirect)
• What is the practicality vs accuracy dilemma in measurement tools?

  • Practicality refers to ease of use and accessibility.
  • Accuracy refers to the correctness of the measurements.
  • Balancing both is essential for effective data collection.
• What activities are suggested to complete at the end of the study material?

  Complete Activity 9 and Complete Activity 10