self-defence

• What is the reasonable necessity for force in self-defense?

  It must be proportionate to the threat faced.
• What does the Criminal Law Act 1967 state about self-defense?

  It allows individuals to use reasonable force in self-defense.
• What does the Criminal Justice & Immigration Act 2008 allow homeowners to do?

  Homeowners can use disproportionate force against intruders.
• What is the guideline regarding retreat in self-defense as shown in McInnes?

  Individuals do not have to retreat but should not attack.
• What does Malnik about self-defense?

  It suggests that if a person goes towards a threat, self-defense may not apply.
• In the case of Williams (Gladstone), what is significant about the facts?

  The facts are taken as the defendant believed them to be.
• What does the case of AG for Northern Ireland indicate about mistakes in self-defense?

  It shows that a mistake can be considered if the defendant believed the facts to be true.
• How do the cases of Clegg, Martin, and Hussain relate to the use of force?

  They illustrate the consequences of using excessive force in self-defense.
• What was the outcome in the case involving a cricket bat?

  The defendant broke the bat while defending themselves.
• What does the mention of "bombs in stairs" imply in the context of self-defense?

  It suggests that one cannot overshoot in their response to a threat.