Humanistic Psychology

• What does the humanistic approach focus on?

  The unique nature of an individual and their free will
• How do humanistic psychologists view the self?

  As a center for understanding behavior
• Who proposed Maslow's hierarchy of needs and in what year?

  Abraham Maslow in 1943
• What are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?

  • Physiological (food and clothing)
  • Safety (job security)
  • Love and belonging (friendship)
  • Esteem
  • Self-actualisation
• What is self-actualisation according to Maslow?

  It is the realization of a person's full potential
• What type of therapy did Carl Rogers devise?

  Client-centred therapy
• What does humanistic psychology believe about individual destiny?

  Everyone is in charge of their own destiny
• What was Maslow's interest in psychology?

  Human potential and how we fulfill that potential
• According to humanism, what constrains behavior?

  Behavior is not constrained by past experiences or current circumstances
• What does Rogers state is necessary for a person to "grow"?

  An environment that provides genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
• How does Rogers define genuineness?

  As openness and the ability for self-disclosure
• What are the three needs outlined by Rogers for personal growth?

  Acceptance, empathy, and genuineness
• What does the term "self" refer to in humanistic psychology?

  Who we really are as a person
• What does Rogers say about self-image and ideal-self?

  We want to behave in ways consistent with our self-image and ideal-self
• What is incongruence according to Rogers?

  A state where some experiences are unacceptable and distorted in self-image
• What are the three parts of the self-concept according to Rogers?

  • Self-worth (or self-esteem)
  • Self-image (how we see ourselves)
  • Ideal self (the person we would like to be)
• What did Rogers believe about the development of self-worth?

  It develops in early childhood through interactions with parents
• What is unconditional positive regard?

  Acceptance and love regardless of behavior
• What is conditional positive regard?

  Positive regard that depends on certain behaviors
• What is the consequence of experiencing conditional positive regard as a child?

  A person may constantly seek approval from others
• What is the relationship between self-image and ideal-self in terms of congruence?

  The closer they are, the higher the sense of self-worth
• What is the aim of client-centred therapy?

  • Increase self-worth
  • Decrease incongruence between self-concept and ideal self
  • Focus on the present rather than the past
• How does the humanistic approach differ from psychoanalysis?

  It focuses on the present rather than dwelling on the past
• What is a characteristic of the humanistic approach regarding subjectivity?

  It is very subjective, based on unique feelings or experiences
• Why is the humanistic approach considered less objective than other approaches?

  It does not scientifically measure thoughts or behaviors
• How has humanistic psychology influenced health and social work?

  Maslow's hierarchy of needs is used as a framework for assessing clients' needs
• What type of data does the humanistic approach typically gather?

  Qualitative data such as unstructured interviews or participant observations
• What is a holistic aspect of the humanistic approach?

  It does not try to break down behaviors into simpler components
• What does it mean that the humanistic approach is non-determinist?

  It recognizes free will in human behavior
• How does the humanistic approach view the influences of nature and nurture?

  It recognizes both nature and nurture influences
• What is a limitation of humanistic psychology regarding empirical evidence?

  It is short on empirical evidence to support its ideas
• Why are many ideas in the humanistic approach considered difficult to measure?

  They are difficult to break down and objectively measure
• What cultural bias exists in the humanistic approach?

  Many ideas are believed to be biased towards individualistic cultures
• How has client-centred therapy influenced modern counseling?

  It has helped develop the principles of modern-day counseling
• How has Maslow's hierarchy of needs been applied in the workplace?

  It has been used to explain motivation in the workplace