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Infection & Disease
Haemotology
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Cards (60)
What is haematology the study of?
Blood and
blood
elements
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What are the core concepts of haematology?
Normal and
pathologic
aspects of blood
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What types of cells are in normal peripheral blood?
Red cells (
erythrocytes
)
White cells (
leukocytes
)
Platelets (
thrombocytes
)
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What fluid are blood cells suspended in?
Pale yellow
plasma
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What percentage of total blood volume do cells occupy?
About
40%
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How is the circulating blood cell count in health?
Relatively
constant
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What happens to blood cells over time?
All have a limited
life span
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What is the total blood volume of an average 70 kg adult male?
~
5 litres
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How many red cells does an average adult male have?
~ 25 x 10
12
^{12}
12
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How long do red cells survive?
~
120
days
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What are the sites of haematopoiesis in different life stages?
Fetus: yolk sac,
liver
, spleen,
bone marrow
Infants
: bone marrow (all bones)
Adults
: vertebrae,
ribs
, sternum,
skull
,
pelvis
, proximal femur
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What is the common precursor cell for blood cells?
Haematopoietic
stem
cell (
HSC
)
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What are the stages of haematopoietic differentiation?
Stem
: self-renew, multipotent
Progenitor
: lineage committed, proliferating
Mature: functional end cells, short-lived
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What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
O
2
_2
2
transport
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What is the shape of red blood cells?
Biconcave
discoid shape
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What is haemoglobin's role in erythrocytes?
O
2
_2
2
-
carrying
pigment
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What percentage of RBC weight is made up of haemoglobin?
One-third
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How many globin chains are in one haemoglobin molecule?
Four
globin chains
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What type of chains does fetal haemoglobin (HbF) have?
2
α
and 2
γ
chains
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What type of chains does adult haemoglobin (HbA) have?
2
α
and 2
β
chains
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How many oxygen molecules can one haemoglobin molecule carry?
Four
oxygen molecules
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What stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO)?
Tissue hypoxia
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Where is erythropoietin (EPO) synthesized?
In the
kidney
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What effect does EPO have on red cell progenitors?
Shortens
cell-cycle
time
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What is the role of EPO in red blood cell production?
Increases rate of
maturation
and release
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What is the composition of normal peripheral blood?
Three
types of cells
and plasma
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What is the least numerous type of blood cell?
White cells (
leukocytes
)
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How many white cells are in circulation?
5 x 10
9
^{9}
9
/L
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What are the five different types of white cells?
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Mononuclear cells
(
Monocytes
,
Lymphocytes
)
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What is the most numerous leukocyte in adults?
Neutrophils
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What percentage of circulating white cells are neutrophils?
About
60
%
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What is the lifespan of neutrophils?
10
hours
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What is the primary role of neutrophils?
Non-specific defense against
infections
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What type of granules do eosinophils have?
Large
cytoplasmic
granules
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What is the lifespan of eosinophils?
5 hours
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What is the primary function of eosinophils?
Defense against
parasitic
infestation
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What is the least numerous circulating leucocyte?
Basophils
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What is the role of basophils?
Involved in
hypersensitivity
reactions
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What is the lifespan of monocytes?
10
hours
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What do monocytes mature into?
Phagocytic tissue macrophages
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See all 60 cards
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