C2

• What type of bonding occurs between metal atoms?

  Metallic bonding
• What is formed by metallic bonding?

  A lattice of ions with delocalized electrons
• What does "delocalized" mean in the context of electrons?

  Electrons are not fixed to one atom
• Why do metals conduct electricity and heat well?

  Because of free-moving delocalized electrons
• How do metals bond to non-metals?

  Through ionic bonding
• What does a group one metal need to do to bond with a group seven atom?

  Lose an electron
• What happens when a lithium atom bonds with chlorine?

  Lithium donates its outer electron
• What is a DOT and cross diagram used for?

  To show electron distribution in bonding
• What must the charges of ions in an ionic compound do?

  Add up to zero
• What is the chemical formula for lithium chloride?

  LiCl
• How does barium bond with chlorine in barium chloride?

  Barium loses two electrons, chlorine gains one
• What is the chemical formula for barium chloride?

  BaCl$_2$
• What do ionic compounds form in a solid state?

  A crystal lattice structure
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Due to strong electrostatic forces
• When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

  When molten or dissolved in solution
• What is an example of a molecular ion?

  Hydroxide ion (OH$^−$)
• How many hydroxide ions are needed for magnesium hydroxide?

  Two hydroxide ions
• How is sulfate spelled according to the author?

  With a "pH" instead of an "F"
• What can any ionic compound be called?

  A salt
• What is the positive ion in an ionic compound called?

  Cation
• How are anion names different from their normal names?

  They change to a different form
• What is the bonding type between non-metals?

  Covalent bonding
• How do non-metals bond to form molecules?

  By sharing electrons
• What is the result of two chlorine atoms bonding?

  Chlorine gas (Cl$_2$)
• What does a structural formula represent?

  Molecular structure using symbols and lines
• What is a double covalent bond?

  Two pairs of electrons shared
• What is the bonding type in nitrogen gas (N$_2$)?


  Triple covalent bond
• How many bonds does an atom make based on its electrons?

  Equal to the number of electrons it needs
• What are simple molecular structures characterized by?

  Weak intermolecular forces
• Why do simple molecular structures have low boiling points?

  Weak intermolecular forces need less energy
• Can simple molecular structures conduct electricity?

  No, they cannot conduct electricity
• What is giant covalent bonding similar to?

  The lattice nature of ionic compounds
• What is diamond an example of?

  A giant covalent structure
• Why is diamond hard and has a high melting point?

  Due to strong covalent bonds
• What allows graphite to conduct electricity?

  Delocalized electrons between layers
• Why can layers of graphite slide over each other easily?

  Weak bonds between the layers
• What are metal alloys stronger than?

  Pure metals
• Why are metal alloys stronger than pure metals?

  Different size atoms disrupt the lattice
• What is graphene?

  A single layer of graphite
• What is Buckminster fullerene?

  A spherical structure of 60 carbon atoms