EXOGENIC AND ENDOGENIC PROCESSES

• What are exogenic processes?

  Geologic processes on Earth's surface
• What is weathering?

  Breaking down of rocks and minerals
• How does heavy rain affect rocks?

  It may cause rust to form
• What is erosion?

  Wearing away and transporting materials
• What is deposition?

  Laying down of transported sediment
• What is the difference between erosion and deposition?

  Erosion is the process; deposition is the product
• What are the two parts of weathering?

  • Mechanical or Physical weathering
  • Chemical weathering
• What is mechanical weathering?

  Breakdown of rocks without composition change
• How does pressure contribute to weathering?

  Granite rises, cools, and becomes brittle
• What happens to rocks at high temperatures?

  They expand and fracture
• What is frost wedging?

  Water freezes in cracks, expanding and breaking rocks
• What causes abrasion in rocks?

  Impact and friction during collisions
• How do organic activities contribute to weathering?

  Roots penetrate cracks and expand rocks
• What human activities contribute to physical weathering?

  Digging, quarrying, and cultivating land
• How do burrowing animals contribute to weathering?

  They excavate ground for habitation
• What is chemical weathering?

  Breakdown of rocks with composition changes
• What is dissolution in chemical weathering?

  Acid dissolves specific minerals in water
• What is hydrolysis in weathering?

  Minerals react with water to form clay
• What is oxidation in weathering?

  Oxygen reacts with minerals causing rusting
• What are endogenic processes?

  Processes occurring under Earth's surface
• What is primordial heat?

  Internal heat from a planet's early evolution
• What is radiogenic heat?

  Heat from spontaneous nuclear disintegration
• What percentage of Earth's internal heat comes from radioactive isotopes?

  About 50%
• Which isotopes are responsible for radiogenic heat?

  238U, 235U, 232Th, 40K
• What is conduction in heat transfer?

  Transmission of thermal energy between atoms
• What is convection in heat transfer?

  Heat transfer by movement of mass in fluids
• What is radiation in heat transfer?

  Transfer of heat without direct contact
• What is magmatism?

  Movement of magma to form igneous rocks
• What geological features are formed by magmatism?

  Mountains, volcanoes, and island arcs
• What boundaries are associated with magmatism?

  Convergent and divergent boundaries
• What processes are responsible for mountain formation?

  • Magmatism
  • Tectonic forces