free will and determinism

• What is determinism?

  The view that free will is an illusion
• How does determinism view human behavior?

  As predictable due to governing forces
• What forms the basis of science according to determinism?

  The causal laws of determinism
• Give an example of an external force in determinism.

  The influence of parents on behavior
• What is an example of an internal force in determinism?

  Hormones influencing behavior
• What are the two types of determinism mentioned?

  Hard determinism and soft determinism
• How does hard determinism differ from soft determinism?

  Hard determinism denies free will, soft allows it
• What does soft determinism suggest about behavior?

  Some behaviors have an element of free will
• Who proposed that behavior is predictable but not inevitable?

  Nick Heather
• What is free will?

  The ability to choose how we behave
• What assumption does free will make about individuals?

  They are free to choose their behavior
• What does biological determinism claim?

  All behavior is innate and gene-determined
• What gene is implicated in intelligence according to research?

  IGF2r
• What did Chorley et al. (1998) find regarding IQ and the IGF2r gene?

  Statistically significant association with IQ scores
• What does environmental determinism state?

  Behavior is caused by external forces
• What did Bandura (1961) find about children with violent parents?

  They are more likely to become violent
• What does psychic determinism claim about behavior?

  It results from childhood experiences and drives
• How does science relate to determinism?

  It seeks causal relationships between variables
• What did Loftus and Palmer (1974) manipulate in their research?

  The verb used in critical questions
• What was manipulated in Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment?

  The condition of the role model presented
• What is now accepted about hard determinism in natural sciences?

  It is considered non-existent
• What does chaos theory suggest about predictions?

  Small changes can lead to major outcomes
• What do experiments often overlook in human behavior studies?

  The importance of extraneous variables
• What does Baumeister (2009) argue about psychological causality?

  It is never truly deterministic
• What do humanist psychologists argue against?

  The determinism view of human behavior
• What do identical twin studies suggest about intelligence?

  20% is caused by environmental factors
• How does Freud's view relate to determinism?

  He argued the unconscious controls actions
• What did Erich Fromm (1941) argue about human potential?

  We have the potential to control our lives
• What is a potential issue with a deterministic view in legal contexts?

  It may provide excuses for criminal acts
• What did Stephen Mobley argue regarding his behavior?

  He was 'born to kill' due to genetics
• What criticism do some psychologists have about free will?

  They argue it is an illusion
• What did Libet et al. (1983) find about decision-making?

  Brain activity precedes conscious awareness of decisions
• What does Skinner's claim about free will suggest?

  It may be a product of environmental factors