Response to exercise

• What increases osteoclast activity?

  Weight-bearing exercise
• How does synovial fluid change with exercise?

  Increases in amount and reduces in viscosity
• What types of muscle fibers are involved in muscle fiber recruitment?

  Type 1, Type IIa, and Type IIx
• What happens to blood flow during exercise?

  Increases to working muscles
• What do micro-tears in muscles result from?

  Exercise, leading to muscle growth
• What happens to temperature in working muscles during exercise?

  Rises
• What controls breathing rate?

  Chemical and neural mechanisms
• Which muscles are involved in respiration?

  Diaphragm and intercostals
• What is tidal volume?

  Amount of air inhaled/exhaled per breath
• How is minute volume (VE) calculated?

  VE = Breathing Rate × Tidal Volume
• What does the oxygen dissociation curve represent?

  Relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen
• What causes anticipatory heart rate to increase?

  Adrenaline before exercise
• How is cardiac output (Q) calculated?

  Q = Stroke Volume (SV) × Heart Rate (HR)
• What influences cardiac output?

  Starling's Law
• How does blood pressure change with exercise?

  Increases differently with aerobic and strength training
• What is the cardiac cycle?

  Sequence of heart events during one heartbeat
• How is blood flow redistributed during exercise?

  Through vasoconstriction and vasodilation
• Increased sympathetic nervous activity during exercise increases HR, contractility, and SV, resulting in increased CO.
• During rest, blood flow through the heart is low due to slow ventricular filling rates and reduced stroke volume.
• The cardiovascular system is the body's transport network, which includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.