Cognitive development

• What does it mean when someone says their child is like a sponge?

  Children soak up knowledge quickly
• Why do children change rapidly during their early years?

  It impacts their behaviors in adulthood
• What does developmental psychology focus on?

  Changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
• What is the primary emphasis of developmental psychology?

  Childhood development
• What techniques do psychologists use to study development?

  Longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cohort studies
• What type of study would you use to follow the same group of people over time?

  Longitudinal study
• What is the focus of a cross-sectional study?

  Comparing different age groups at one time
• What does an age of onset study examine?

  Development at specific ages without comparison
• If you want to study how different generations view morality, which study would you conduct?

  Cohort study
• What is the nature vs. nurture debate about?

  Influences on child development
• What does "nature" refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

  Genetic influences on behavior
• What does "nurture" refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

  Environmental influences on behavior
• How do nature and nurture interact in development?

  Both influence behavior and gene expression
• What is a key point about children's cognitive development?

  Children think differently than adults
• What is Piaget's theory about child development?

  Cognitive abilities build upon one another
• What is the first stage of Piaget's Stages?

  Sensorimotor stage
• What age range does the sensorimotor stage cover?

  Birth to two years old
• What cognitive milestone develops during the sensorimotor stage?

  Object permanence
• What is a key characteristic of the sensorimotor stage?

  Learning through senses and motor abilities
• What happens when infants lack object permanence?

  They believe hidden objects disappear
• What is the second stage of Piaget's Stages?

  Preoperational stage
• What age range does the preoperational stage cover?

  Two to seven years old
• What cognitive ability develops during the preoperational stage?

  Proficiency in language and symbolic thinking
• What do children struggle with during the preoperational stage?

  Logical tasks and perspective-taking
• What is conservation in child development?

  Understanding that quantity remains the same
• What is the third stage of Piaget's Stages?

  Concrete operational stage
• What age range does the concrete operational stage cover?

  Seven to eleven years old
• What cognitive ability develops during the concrete operational stage?

  Understanding of conservation and logical thought
• What is inductive logic in child development?

  Going from specific experience to general principle
• What is the fourth stage of Piaget's Stages?

  Formal operational stage
• What age range does the formal operational stage cover?

  Around twelve years old and older
• What cognitive ability develops during the formal operational stage?

  Abstract and theoretical thinking
• How does Piaget view the development of children's intelligence?

  It changes qualitatively through stages
• What do psychologists think about the timing of Piaget's stages?

  There is variation in timing among children
• What role did Piaget's theory play in developmental psychology?

  Influenced understanding of child cognitive development
• What is a key takeaway from Piaget's theory?

  Children think differently than adults
• What are Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

  1. Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)
  2. Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years)
  3. Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years)
  4. Formal operational stage (12 years and older)
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

  Strengths:

  • Provides a clear framework for understanding development
  • Highlights qualitative changes in thinking

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Stages may not be as rigid as proposed
  • Underestimates children's abilities at younger ages
• What are the four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget?

  Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
• What is the age range for the sensorimotor stage?

  Birth to two years