Psychology;Cognitive Development

• What unit do many students ask for help with?

  Cognition development unit
• What does Pi's theory of cognitive development emphasize?

  Active discovery process
• What are schemas in Pi's theory?

  Packages of mental information
• What must happen to return to equilibrium?

  Use assimilation or accommodation
• What are the two processes to adapt schemas?

  Assimilation and accommodation
• What is object permanence?

  Understanding an object exists when hidden
• What does conservation refer to in cognitive development?

  Understanding quantity remains the same despite appearance
• What is egocentrism in cognitive development?

  Inability to see from another's perspective
• What is class inclusion?

  Understanding categories have subsets
• What age range is the sensorimotor stage?

  Birth to 2 years
• What do children learn in the sensorimotor stage?

  Construct mental representations of objects
• What age range is the pre-operational stage?

  2 to 7 years
• What is a key limitation of children in the pre-operational stage?

  Struggle with conservation and class inclusion
• What age range is the concrete operational stage?

  7 to 11 years
• What can children do in the concrete operational stage?

  Perform logical thoughts on concrete objects
• What age range is the formal operational stage?

  11 years and older
• What ability do children develop in the formal operational stage?

  Understand abstract logic and reasoning
• What did Pi demonstrate with his object permanence study?

  Older children search for hidden objects
• What did Pi's egocentrism study involve?

  Children's perspectives using a mountain model
• What was the outcome of Pi's conservation task?

  Seven-year-olds failed to conserve liquid quantity
• What implication does Pi's research have for educational practice?

  Roleplay is less useful before egocentrism ends
• What did McGarrigle and Donaldson's study suggest?

  Children may conserve better with engaging tasks
• What are cross-cultural differences in cognitive development?

  Support Vygotsky's idea of social interactions
• How does Pi's theory view the child's role in development?

  Child is more passive in development
• What does Bean argue about early infant abilities?

  Infants have innate physical reasoning systems
• What does violation of expectations research test?

  Infants' expectations about physical principles
• How does Bean's research challenge Pi's findings?

  Infants may represent objects earlier than 8 months
• What is social cognition?

  Mental processes related to social understanding
• How does parenting style affect perspective taking?

  Parents influence children's perspective development
• What is theory of mind?

  Understanding others' internal mental states
• What does theory of mind explain in autism?

  Mind blindness and lack of perspective
• How does theory of mind help children with autism?

  Helps develop coping mechanisms
• What does a defective mirror neuron system imply for autism?

  Lack of understanding of others' mental states
• What did Leabon find in his fMRI study?

  High mirror neuron activity in specific brain areas
• What is a limitation of mirror neuron research?

  Little known about individual neuron activity
• What is a criticism of the mirror neuron theory?

  Overly reductionist regarding social cognition
• What can students do with the Psych Boost app?

  Test themselves on cognition unit
• What resources are available on Patreon?

  Model answers and other resources