Key terms ai edition

• What is Piaget's theory primarily concerned with?

  Processes of learning and cognitive development
• What does cognitive development refer to?

  Development of mental processes like thinking
• What are schemas in Piaget's theory?

  Mental frameworks of beliefs and expectations
• How do schemas change during development?

  They become increasingly complex with experience
• What is assimilation in learning?

  Incorporating new information into existing schemas
• What is accommodation in learning?

  Changing existing schemas or forming new ones
• What does equilibration refer to?

  Balancing assimilation and accommodation processes
• What is object permanence?

  Understanding that objects exist out of sight
• At what age does Piaget believe object permanence develops?

  Around eight months of age
• What is conservation in cognitive development?

  Realizing quantity remains the same despite appearance
• What is egocentrism in children?

  Seeing the world only from their own perspective
• What does class inclusion refer to?

  Recognizing subsets within larger classes of objects
• What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

  The gap between current and potential development
• What is scaffolding in learning?

  Helping a learner advance through ZPD
• What does knowledge of the physical world refer to?

  Understanding how the physical world operates
• What is violation of expectation research?

  Investigating infant knowledge through expectations
• What is social cognition?

  Mental processes used in social interactions
• What is perspective-taking?

  Appreciating a situation from others' viewpoints
• What is theory of mind?

  Understanding what others are thinking and feeling
• What does the Sally-Anne study assess?

  Theory of mind in children
• What are mirror neurons?

  Neurons that respond to personal and others' actions
• What are the stages of intellectual development according to Piaget?

  1. Sensorimotor stage
  2. Preoperational stage
  3. Concrete operational stage
  4. Formal operational stage
• What are the main impairments associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

  • Impairments in empathy
  • Impairments in social communication
  • Impairments in social imagination
• What are the key elements of Piaget's cognitive development theory?

  • Cognitive development stages
  • Schemas, assimilation, accommodation
  • Object permanence and conservation
• What is the significance of the three mountains task?

  • Demonstrates egocentrism in children
  • Assesses perspective-taking abilities
  • Highlights cognitive development stages
• What is the role of the mirror neuron system in social cognition?

  • Interprets intention and emotion in others
  • Fires in response to personal and others' actions
  • Facilitates understanding of social interactions