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AS-level Psychology
Social approach
Perry et al (personal space)
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Cards (39)
What is the title of the study by Perry et al.?
Don’t stand so close to me
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What year was the study by Perry et al. published?
2015
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What is interpersonal distance?
The distance between
two people
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What factors influence preferred interpersonal distance?
Relationship
,
cultural
, and personal factors
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What is empathy?
Understanding
another person's
thoughts and feelings
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What are the two dimensions of empathy?
Cognitive
and
affective
empathy
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What role does oxytocin play in social interactions?
It acts as a
neurotransmitter
for bonding
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What negative effects can oxytocin have according to research?
Can lead to
envy
, risk aversion, and hostility
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Who created the four zones of interpersonal distance?
Hall
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In what year did Hall create the zones of interpersonal distance?
1966
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What did Scheele find regarding oxytocin and interpersonal distance?
It increased preferred distance from
attractive females
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What does the social salience hypothesis predict about oxytocin?
It increases
attention
to social cues
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What was the aim of the study?
To investigate
oxytocin's
effect on
interpersonal distance
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What research method was used in the study?
Laboratory experiment
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What type of experimental design was used?
Repeated measures
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What were the independent variables in the experiment?
Empathy
,
treatment
, and
condition
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What were the dependent variables in the experiment?
Preferred
interpersonal distance
and
angles
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How many participants were in the study?
54
male
undergraduate
students
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What was the age range of participants?
19
to
32
years old
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How was oxytocin administered to participants?
Three
droplets
in each nostril
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What did participants do while waiting after administration?
Waited
alone
with nature magazines
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What was the first experiment called?
Comfortable Interpersonal Distance
(CID)
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How did participants measure interpersonal distance in Experiment 1?
By pressing the spacebar to stop the protagonist
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What was the second experiment about?
Choosing
rooms
for a
meeting
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How were the room pairs presented to participants?
As
still colour images
on a computer
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What was the experimental condition in Experiment 2?
Distance
and
angles
between chairs
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What was the control condition in Experiment 2?
Distance and angle between
table
and
plant
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What was the preferred interpersonal distance for high empathy with oxytocin in CID?
23.29 cm
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What was the preferred interpersonal distance for low empathy with placebo in CID?
26.98 cm
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What ethical issue was present in Experiment 2?
Deception
about discussing
personal topics
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What is a strength of the study regarding standardization?
High levels of standardization increase
reliability
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What is a strength of the study regarding validity?
High validity due to
double-masked
procedure
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What is a weakness of the IRI self-report method?
It may be biased by
social desirability
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Why might the results lack generalizability?
Only used male
participants
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What is a weakness regarding ecological validity?
Used
computer
stimuli not real-life behaviors
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What application issue is mentioned regarding oxytocin?
It may not help those with
social deficits
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How does empathy level affect interpersonal distance preference?
It impacts preference based on
individual traits
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of the study?
Strengths:
High levels of
standardization
High
validity
with double-masked procedure
Weaknesses:
IRI
self-report may be biased
Lacks
generalizability
beyond male sample
Low
ecological validity
with computer stimuli
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What are the implications of oxytocin administration in social contexts?
May not assist individuals with
social deficits
Individual empathy levels influence
interpersonal distance
Social situations can promote oxytocin release
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