reliability

• What is reliability a measure of?

  Consistency
• How is a measurement described as reliable?


  If it can be repeated consistently
• What should a ruler measure for a chair?

  The same measurement every time
• What might cause a change in measurement over time?

  The object itself may have changed
• What do psychologists measure instead of concrete things?

  Abstract concepts
• What is the test-retest method?

  Administering the same test on different occasions
• Why is sufficient time needed between test and retest?

  To prevent recall of previous answers
• What correlation indicates good reliability in tests?

  A correlation exceeding +.80
• What is inter-observer reliability?

  Agreement between different observers' interpretations
• What should observers do to ensure reliability?

  Conduct observations in teams
• How can inter-observer reliability be established?

  By conducting a pilot study
• What is the purpose of correlating data from observers?

  To assess reliability
• What is the recommendation for observers?

  To work in teams of at least two
• What is the best way to ensure reliability in interviews?

  Use the same interviewer each time
• How can structured interviews improve reliability?

  By controlling the interviewer's behavior
• Why are lab experiments considered reliable?

  Researchers can control many aspects
• What can affect the reliability of findings in experiments?

  Different testing conditions for participants
• How can the reliability of observations be improved?

  By properly operationalizing behavioral categories
• What should behavioral categories be in observations?

  Measurable and self-evident
• What happens if categories are not operationalized well?

  Observers may record inconsistent data
• What are the ways to assess reliability in psychology?

  • Test-retest method
  • Inter-observer reliability
  • Improving reliability in questionnaires, interviews, and experiments
• How can reliability be improved in questionnaires?

  • Use test-retest method
  • Ensure questions are clear and unambiguous
  • Replace open questions with closed alternatives
• How can reliability be improved in interviews?

  • Use the same interviewer
  • Train all interviewers properly
  • Use structured interviews for consistency
• How can reliability be improved in experiments?

  • Maintain strict control over procedures
  • Ensure consistent testing conditions
  • Replicate methods precisely
• How can reliability be improved in observations?

  • Operationalize behavioral categories
  • Ensure categories are measurable
  • Avoid overlapping categories