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Epidemiology
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Lottie Croudy-Hutton
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Cards (25)
What are clinical trials?
Controlled
experiments
to test new
treatments
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Why are double-blind trials used in clinical trials?
To
minimise
bias by keeping
treatment assignments
unknown
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What is a placebo in clinical trials?
An
inactive substance
used for comparison
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What is the purpose of placebo-controlled trials?
To determine the real
effectiveness
of a treatment
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What is epidemiology?
The study of health and disease patterns in
populations
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What is the focus of descriptive studies in epidemiology?
Who, where, and when of
health conditions
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What do analytical studies in epidemiology explore?
Causes
or
risk factors
of diseases
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What is the purpose of experimental studies in epidemiology?
To test
interventions
in
controlled populations
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What do mortality statistics measure?
Frequency
of death in populations
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How can high mortality rates from cardiovascular disease be addressed?
Through dietary and exercise
interventions
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What do morbidity statistics track?
Illness rates and their impact on
quality of life
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How can morbidity data on diabetes prevalence be used?
To allocate
resources
for
prevention
and
treatment
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What is the purpose of statistical techniques in data analysis?
To
calculate
averages
,
percentages
, and
trends
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What is the difference between correlation and causation in data analysis?
Correlation shows
relationships
, causation shows
cause-effect
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How can data analysis evaluate the efficacy of medical procedures?
By revealing
success rates
and complications
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How do lifestyle choices influence health outcomes according to studies?
Behaviors like
smoking cessation
and
exercise
improve health
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What is one use of data analysis in public health policies?
To identify health risks and guide
interventions
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How do clinical trial results advance medical science?
By
leading
to
new
treatments
and
innovations
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How can mortality and morbidity data help allocate healthcare funding?
By prioritising critical areas based on
health trends
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How do epidemiological findings and data analysis drive public awareness campaigns?
By educating
populations
on healthy lifestyle choices
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What are the key features of clinical trials?
Double-blind trials
: Neither
participants
nor
researchers
know treatment assignments
Placebo-controlled
: Use of inactive substances for comparison
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What are the types of epidemiological studies?
Descriptive studies
: Focus on who, where, and when
Analytical studies
: Explore causes or risk factors
Experimental studies
: Test interventions in controlled populations
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What are the uses of mortality and morbidity statistics?
Monitor disease outbreaks or chronic disease trends
Compare health
outcomes
across regions or
demographics
Inform healthcare resource planning and public health initiatives
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What are the methods of data analysis in health studies?
Statistical techniques
: Calculate
averages
,
percentages
, and
trends
Comparative analysis
: Compare
pre- and post-intervention
data
Correlation vs. causation
: Determine relationships between
variables
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How is data used in public health and medical science?
Inform public health policies
Advance medical science through
clinical trial
results
Allocate healthcare resources
Educate populations on healthy lifestyle choices
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