Neurons

    Cards (25)

    • What are the basic building blocks of the nervous system?
      Neurons
    • How do neurons communicate with each other?
      Through electrical and chemical messages
    • What do sensory neurons carry messages from?
      Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
    • What is the structure of sensory neurons?
      Long dendrites and short axons
    • What do relay neurons connect?
      Sensory neurons to motor neurons
    • What is the structure of relay neurons?
      Short dendrites and short axons
    • What do motor neurons connect to?
      CNS to effectors
    • What is the structure of motor neurons?
      Short dendrites and long axons
    • What are the three types of neurons?
      • Sensory neurons
      • Relay neurons
      • Motor neurons
    • How many neurons are in the nervous system?
      100 billion
    • Where are neurons located in the nervous system?
      In the brain
    • What is synaptic transmission?
      Communication between neighboring neurons
    • What are neurotransmitters?
      Brain chemicals that relay signals
    • What are the two types of neurotransmitter functions?
      Excitatory and inhibitory
    • What does excitation do to the postsynaptic neuron?
      Increases the likelihood of passing the impulse
    • What does inhibition do to the postsynaptic neuron?
      Decreases the likelihood of passing the impulse
    • What is the role of the axon in neurons?
      To send signals away from the cell body
    • What do dendrites do in neurons?
      Receive signals from other neurons
    • What happens when neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse?
      They bind to postsynaptic receptor sites
    • What is the function of synaptic vesicles?
      To release neurotransmitters into the synapse
    • How does the structure of neurons relate to their function?
      Structure supports signal transmission efficiency
    • What is the role of the myelin sheath?
      To insulate axons and speed up transmission
    • What are nodes of Ranvier?
      Gaps in the myelin sheath
    • What is the direction of conduction in a neuron?
      From dendrites to axon terminals
    • How do the features of sensory, relay, and motor neurons differ?
      They vary in dendrite and axon length
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