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Biopsychology
Neurons
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Created by
Joshua Fletcher
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Cards (25)
What are the basic building blocks of the nervous system?
Neurons
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How do neurons communicate with each other?
Through
electrical
and
chemical
messages
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What do sensory neurons carry messages from?
Peripheral nervous system
(PNS)
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What is the structure of sensory neurons?
Long
dendrites
and short
axons
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What do relay neurons connect?
Sensory neurons
to
motor neurons
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What is the structure of relay neurons?
Short
dendrites
and short
axons
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What do motor neurons connect to?
CNS
to
effectors
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What is the structure of motor neurons?
Short
dendrites
and long
axons
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What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons
Relay neurons
Motor neurons
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How many neurons are in the nervous system?
100 billion
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Where are neurons located in the nervous system?
In the
brain
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What is synaptic transmission?
Communication between
neighboring
neurons
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What are neurotransmitters?
Brain
chemicals that relay signals
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What are the two types of neurotransmitter functions?
Excitatory
and
inhibitory
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What does excitation do to the postsynaptic neuron?
Increases the likelihood of passing the
impulse
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What does inhibition do to the postsynaptic neuron?
Decreases the
likelihood
of passing the impulse
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What is the role of the axon in neurons?
To send signals away from the
cell body
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What do dendrites do in neurons?
Receive signals from other
neurons
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What happens when neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse?
They bind to
postsynaptic
receptor sites
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What is the function of synaptic vesicles?
To release
neurotransmitters
into the
synapse
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How does the structure of neurons relate to their function?
Structure supports
signal transmission
efficiency
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What is the role of the myelin sheath?
To insulate
axons
and speed up
transmission
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What are nodes of Ranvier?
Gaps in the
myelin sheath
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What is the direction of conduction in a neuron?
From
dendrites
to
axon terminals
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How do the features of sensory, relay, and motor neurons differ?
They vary in
dendrite
and
axon
length
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