Topic 2 bio

• What is the topic being discussed in the video?

  Organization in GCSE biology
• What do cells make up in biological organization?

  Tissues
• What do tissues make up in biological organization?

  Organs
• What do organs make up in biological organization?

  Organ systems
• What are enzymes classified as?

  Biological catalysts
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that speeds up reactions
• What does the lock and key theory describe?

  Enzyme and substrate interaction
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The hole where the substrate fits
• What happens when a substrate fits into an enzyme?

  The enzyme breaks the substrate into parts
• What is the consequence of enzymes denaturing?

  The active site becomes misshapen
• What conditions are necessary for enzymes to function properly?

  Correct pH and temperature
• What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in the human body?

  37 degrees Celsius
• What happens to enzymes at temperatures above 37 degrees Celsius?

  They become denatured
• How does pH affect enzyme activity?

  It has a narrow margin for error
• What do carbohydrates break down into?

  Simple sugars like glucose
• What do proteins break down into?

  Amino acids
• What do lipids break down into?

  Glycerol and three fatty acids
• What is the order of food travel through the digestive system?

  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
• What are the four food tests in biology?

  1. Starch
  2. Sugars
  3. Proteins
  4. Lipids
• What is the test for starch?

  Add iodine; turns blue/black
• What is the test for sugars?

  Add Benedict's solution; heat it
• What is the test for proteins?

  Add buret solution; turns purple/lilac
• What is the test for lipids?

  Add Sudan stain; two distinct layers
• What is the role of alveoli in the lungs?

  Gas exchange occurs here
• What covers the alveoli for efficient gas exchange?

  Blood capillaries
• What is the function of the left ventricle of the heart?

  Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
• Why does the left ventricle have a thick muscular wall?

  To pump blood around the body
• What is the heart known as?

  A double pump system
• What are the three main types of blood vessels?

  Arteries, veins, and capillaries
• What is the function of arteries?

  Carry blood at high pressures
• What do veins contain to prevent backflow?

  Valves
• What is the main idea of capillaries?

  Thin walls for easy absorption
• What is the microscopic structure of a leaf important for?

  Normal leaf function
• What is being sold on Etsy related to the video?

  Revision notes for GCSE biology
• What should students do if they have questions?

  Put them in the comments