Topic 2 bio

• What does the nucleus contain?

  Your genetic information
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Coils of DNA
• What is a gene?

  A section of DNA coding for a protein
• How many chromosomes are in each human cell?

  46 chromosomes
• How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

  23 pairs
• What is the chromosome count in gametes?

  23 chromosomes
• What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

  46 chromosomes
• What is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans?

  23 chromosomes
• What is the cell cycle?

  A series of steps for cell division
• What is mitosis?

  A step in the cell cycle for division
• What happens during interphase?

  The cell grows and DNA is replicated
• What shape does DNA take during replication?

  'X' shape
• What occurs during mitosis?

  Chromosomes line up and separate
• What is cytokinesis?

  Division of cytoplasm and membranes
• Why is mitosis important in multicellular organisms?

  For growth and replacing damaged cells
• How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?

  2 daughter cells
• What type of cells does mitosis produce?

  Genetically identical diploid cells
• How does growth occur in animals?

  Through cell division and differentiation
• What happens to most specialized cells in animals?

  They lose the ability to differentiate
• What is the role of adult stem cells?

  To replace specialized cells
• How do plant cells grow longer?

  By absorbing water into vacuoles
• What controls the elongation of plant cells?

  Substances called auxins
• What is cancer caused by?

  Uncontrolled cell division
• What is a tumour?

  A group of cells from uncontrolled division
• Why are percentiles used in monitoring growth?

  To check growth rates of organisms
• What can be measured to assess a baby's growth?

  Mass, length, or head circumference
• What does the 50th percentile indicate for a baby?

  Heavier than 50% of babies
• What does being in the 75th percentile mean?

  Heavier than 25% of babies
• What is a stem cell?

  An undifferentiated cell that can divide
• What are embryonic stem cells capable of?

  Differentiating into any cell type
• What is therapeutic cloning?

  Creating an embryo with the patient's genes
• What is a benefit of using stem cells in medicine?

  Replacing damaged or diseased body parts
• What is a problem associated with stem cell research?

  Destruction of the embryo during removal
• What is the role of the brain in the CNS?

  Controlling consciousness and movements
• What are the cerebral hemispheres responsible for?

  Consciousness, memory, and intelligence
• What does the cerebellum control?

  Fine movements of muscles
• What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

  Maintaining basic autonomic functions
• What do CT scans use to generate images?

  X-Ray radiation from different angles
• What is the purpose of PET scans?

  To examine brain tissue for injury
• Why are CT scans useful?

  For examining bleeding within the skull