law and justice (chap3)

    Cards (80)

    • What are the three key components of justice?
      Fairness, equality, even-handedness
    • What does Distributive Justice emphasize?
      Common good and fair penalties
    • How does Plato define justice?
      As harmony between different sectors of society
    • What is the view of distributive justice according to Aristotle?
      • Balance between extremes
      • Allocation based on virtue
      • Each receives according to their contribution
    • Who are the philosophers associated with distributive justice?
      Aristotle and Aquinas
    • What does Aquinas say about justice?
      It links to the common good and merit
    • What is the main criticism of the principles of distributive justice?
      No country has successfully implemented them
    • What are the two principles proposed by Karl Marx regarding justice?
      From each according to ability, to each according to need
    • What does Chaïm Perelman argue about justice?
      It cannot be studied logically
    • What does Perelman mean by "to each according to his merit"?
      Each person is rewarded based on their actions
    • How does the welfare system relate to justice according to Perelman?
      It allocates resources based on needs
    • What does "to each according to his work" imply?
      Rewards are based on individual contributions
    • What is the superficial attraction of "to each equally"?
      It seems fair in certain situations
    • What does "to each according to his legal entitlement" mean?
      Rights are based on legal protections
    • Who is John Rawls?
      A philosopher who published a theory of justice
    • What does Rawls' "veil of ignorance" concept entail?
      Fair distribution of resources without bias
    • What are the two basic principles of Rawls' theory?
      Equal rights and benefits for the least advantaged
    • What does Robert Nozick argue about justice?
      It involves entitlement and property rights
    • What are Nozick's three principles of justice?
      Acquisition, transfer, and rectification of injustices
    • What does Nozick mean by "principle of rectification of injustices"?
      Addressing wrongs from property acquisition
    • How does Nozick view the role of the state?
      It should not interfere with property rights
    • What is the main criticism of Nozick's theory?
      It may neglect the needs of the disadvantaged
    • What is the relationship between justice and happiness according to the text?
      Justice includes respect for people and property
    • How does social justice relate to opportunities in society?
      It demands equal opportunities for all
    • What are the main theories of justice discussed in the material?
      1. Distributive Justice
      2. Social Justice
      3. Theories by Aristotle, Aquinas, Rawls, and Nozick
    • What are the criticisms of distributive and social justice theories?
      • Difficulty in practical implementation
      • Potential for social injustice
      • Neglect of individual contributions
    • What is an important part of social justice?
      Legal aid
    • Why is legal aid considered essential?
      It ensures everyone has access to justice
    • What did Secretary Clarke say about legal aid in 2010?
      It was introduced to improve justice
    • What changes occurred in 2012 regarding legal aid?
      Changes reduced the availability of legal aid
    • What is the eligibility criterion for further legal help after being charged?
      Means tested eligibility
    • What happens if a person is found guilty regarding legal costs?
      They may need to repay legal costs
    • What are the different meanings of justice?
      • Fairness
      • Equality
      • Harmony
      • Procedural justice
      • Restorative justice
    • What is the entitlement of anyone arrested at a police station?
      Free legal advice
    • What types of cases are included in legal aid and family cases?
      Immigration, educational, welfare benefit cases
    • How do sentencing guidelines affect the consideration of mitigating factors?
      They guide judges in considering factors
    • What is the principle of proportionality in sentencing?
      Sentences should match the severity of the crime
    • What is the role of the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC)?
      To review cases of wrongful conviction
    • What must be proven for compensation to be paid to wrongfully convicted individuals?
      Innocence beyond reasonable doubt
    • What do the rules of natural justice protect against?
      Arbitrary decisions
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