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Memory
Explanations for forgetting
Interference
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Created by
Saaimah Patel
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Cards (23)
What are the two types of interference in forgetting?
Proactive
and
retroactive
interference
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What does interference theory propose about forgetting?
Forgetting occurs due to
memory disruption
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What is proactive interference?
Older
memories disrupt
new
memory formation
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What is retroactive interference?
New
memories disrupt recall of
older
memories
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When is interference more likely to occur?
When there are many
similar
memories present
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What are the types of interference studied by McGeoch and McDonald?
Proactive interference
(PI)
Retroactive interference
(RI)
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What did McGeoch and McDonald study in their research?
Effects of
similarity
on
retroactive interference
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How many groups were participants divided into in McGeoch and McDonald's study?
Six
groups
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What types of new lists were participants given in McGeoch and McDonald's study?
Synonyms
Antonyms
Unrelated words
Consonant syllables
Three-digit numbers
No new list
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What was the main finding of McGeoch and McDonald's study?
Similar
memories led to
worse
recall
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What does the explanation of the effects of similarity suggest?
New information complicates locating
previous
information
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How did Burke and Mall's study relate to interference theory?
Similar adverts caused more
recall difficulty
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How can Caleb's experience illustrate interference theory?
New
details
made recalling
previous
details
harder
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What is a strength of interference theory in real-world situations?
Evidence from
everyday situations
Example:
Rugby players
recalling team names
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What did Baddeley and Hitch's study demonstrate about interference?
Interference affects
recall
in real-life scenarios
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What is a counterpoint to interference theory?
Interference is common but
unusual
for forgetting
Other causes like
retrieval failure
may explain forgetting
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How can cues help with interference?
Cues can overcome temporary interference
effects
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What did Tulving and Pearlstone's study show about cues?
Cues improved recall by about
70%
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What is retrograde facilitation in relation to interference?
Evidence that cues can enhance
recall
Suggests interference can be
reduced
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What is a limitation of interference theory regarding study validity?
Most studies are
lab-based
with
controlled variables
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Why is it difficult to show a clear link between interference and forgetting?
Confounding variables
complicate the relationship
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What should be considered when discussing interference theory?
Time between learning and recall
Variability of
materials
used
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Is interference a valid explanation for forgetting?
Yes, supported by various
studies
However, other
explanations
exist
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