interference

    Cards (10)

    • Interference
      Forgetting which occurs because one memory blocks another, causing either one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten.
    • Proactive interference

      Old information disrupts new. Interference works forward in time, when old information already stored interferes with recalling something new.
    • + Supporting evidence for proactive interference

      E - Keppel and Underwood: Participants typically remembered the trigrams that were presented first, irrespective of the interval length.
      E - This suggests that proactive interference has occurred.
    • Retroactive interference

      New information disrupts old. Interference works backward in time, new information being stored interferes with recall of old information.
    • + Supporting evidence for retroactive interference

      E - Baddeley and Hitch: Players were asked to recall the names of the teams they had played against earlier in the season. Players who had played the most games forgot proportionately more games.
      E - This suggests that retroactive interference has occurred.
      L - Therefore, Baddeley and Hitch provide evidence of interference occurring in the real-word, increasing the ecological validity.
    • - Lab experiments

      E - Much of the research comes from lab experiments. While lab experiments produce high internal validity, they involve artificial tasks.
      E -There is a greater chance of interference occurring in a lab compared to real life situations due to the stimulus material typically being a list of words.
      L - Therefore, this means that interference isn't applicable to forgetting in everyday life.
    • Types of interference
      • Proactive interference
      • Retro-active interference
    • Similarity
      Interference is more likely to occur when the two pieces of information are similar due to response competition.
    • Time sensitivity
      Interference is less likely to occur when there is a large gap between the instances of learning.
    • + Evidence from lab studies
      E - Interference is one of the most consistently demonstrated findings. Most of these studies show that PI and RI are common ways information can be forgotten from the LTM.
      E - Lab experiments have control over variables.
      L - Therefore, this suggests that the results have high validity. However, there is a weakness of lab studies.
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