A01

• Who proposed the idea of three LTM stores?

  Endel Tulving
• What did Tulving believe about the multi-store model's view of LTM?

  It was too simplistic and inflexible
• What are the three types of LTM proposed by Tulving?

  Episodic, semantic, and procedural memory
• What is episodic memory?

  • Ability to recall personal events
  • Similar to a diary of experiences
  • Examples include recent dentist visits or classes
  • Memories are complex and 'time-stamped'
• What does it mean that episodic memories are 'time-stamped'?

  They include when events happened
• What elements are included in a single episodic memory?

  People, places, objects, and behaviors
• How do we recall episodic memories?

  By making a conscious effort to remember
• What is semantic memory?

  • Shared knowledge of the world
  • Similar to an encyclopaedia and dictionary
  • Includes facts like tastes and meanings
  • Not 'time-stamped' and less personal
• What type of knowledge does semantic memory contain?

  Shared knowledge and facts
• Why is semantic memory considered less vulnerable to distortion?

  It is based on shared facts, not personal events
• What is procedural memory?

  • Memory for actions or skills
  • Recall without conscious awareness
  • Becomes automatic through practice
  • Hard to explain to others
• How does procedural memory differ from episodic memory?

  Procedural memory is automatic and unconscious
• What happens to our ability to perform skills as they become procedural memories?

  They become automatic through practice
• Why might explaining a procedural task make it more difficult?

  It disrupts the automatic nature of the task