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Oxidative phosphorylation
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What happens to electrons in the electron transport chain?
They are passed between four
protein complexes
What is the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in the electron transport chain?
It houses the electron transport chain complexes
It creates a
proton gradient
that drives ATP synthesis
It is the site of
oxidative phosphorylation
What is the result of electrons moving through the protein complexes?
H+
ions are pumped to create a
gradient
How does the electron transport chain differ between the intermembrane space and the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The intermembrane space contains
NADH
and
FAD
The inner membrane contains the
Cyt c
and H+ ions
The inner membrane is where the
redox reactions
and
ATP synthesis
occur
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
H2O
What are the key steps of the mitochondrial chemiosmosis process?
Electron transport chain
pumps H+ ions into the intermembrane space
This creates a
proton gradient
and electrochemical potential
ATP synthase uses this
proton-motive force
to drive ATP synthesis
What is the purpose of the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain?
To drive
ATP synthase
and produce ATP
If the electron transport chain was disrupted, how would that affect cellular respiration?
ATP production
would be severely reduced or stopped
What are the main components of the electron transport chain?
NADH
FAD
Cyt c
H+
How does the electron transport chain relate to the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
The electron transport chain provides the
ATP
and
NADPH
needed for the Calvin cycle
Why is the electron transport chain important for cellular respiration?
It generates the
proton gradient
that drives
ATP synthesis
What is the role of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?
It drives
ATP production
What does the proton gradient drive in the electron transport chain?
ATP production
in
chemiosmosis
What is the purpose of the mitochondrial intermembrane space shown in the image?
It allows for the buildup of a
proton gradient
that drives
ATP synthesis
If the pH in the mitochondrial matrix was too high, how would this affect the process of ATP synthesis?
It would reduce the
proton gradient
and decrease the rate of ATP synthesis
What is produced when H+ ions flow through ATP synthase?
ATP from
ADP
and
Pi
How does the pH and H+ concentration differ between the mitochondrial matrix and the intermembrane space?
Matrix has
high
pH and
low
H+ concentration
Intermembrane space has
low
pH and
high
H+ concentration
What is the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in the mitochondrion?
It contains the
electron transport chain
and
ATP synthase
for
oxidative phosphorylation
to produce ATP.
What happens to the stalk of ATP synthase as H+ ions flow through F0?
The stalk
rotates
What are the two main parts of ATP synthase and their functions?
F0
:
Location:
Membrane
Function:
H+
channel
F1
:
Location:
Stalk
Function: ATP formation
How does the structure of the mitochondrion allow it to efficiently produce ATP?
The inner membrane has a large surface area with the
electron transport chain
and
ATP synthase
to maximize ATP production
What is the process through which ATP synthesis occurs?
Chemiosmosis
What is the role of ATP synthase in the mitochondrion?
It uses the
proton gradient
to drive the
phosphorylation
of
ADP
and phosphate to produce ATP
What is the symbol for the hydrogen ion (
H+
) shown in the image?
H+
What type of reactions occur in the electron transport chain?
Redox reactions
How does the flow of H+ ions relate to energy production?
It converts
stored energy
into useful work
What do electrons combine with at the end of the electron transport chain?
Oxygen (
O2
) and
H+
What are the main steps of the electron transport chain process?
Electrons are passed between
protein complexes
.
H+ ions are pumped from the matrix to the
intermembrane space
.
A
proton gradient
is created.
Electrons combine with O2 and H+ to form H2O.
The proton gradient drives ATP production in
chemiosmosis
.
What is formed when electrons combine with oxygen and H+?
Water (H2O)
What is the name of the electron carrier that is reduced in the electron transport chain?
NADH
How does the proton gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane drive the production of ATP?
The proton gradient provides the
proton-motive force
that powers
ATP synthase
to produce ATP
What is the name of the molecule that is produced in the matrix of the mitochondria?
ATP
How does the electron transport chain produce ATP?
Electrons are passed through a series of
redox reactions
This creates a
proton gradient
across the
inner mitochondrial membrane
The proton gradient drives
ATP synthase
to produce ATP
What is the purpose of the proton gradient (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The proton gradient provides the driving force for
ATP synthase
to produce ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation
.
How does the mitochondrion use ADP and phosphate (P) to produce ATP?
The
electron transport chain
in the inner membrane pumps H+ ions into the intermembrane space, creating a
proton gradient
.
ATP synthase
uses the proton gradient to drive the phosphorylation of ADP and P to produce ATP.
How do H+ ions contribute to ATP synthesis?
They flow down their
concentration gradient
How does the electron transport chain relate to the mitochondrial matrix?
The matrix contains enzymes for the
citric acid cycle
that provide electrons to the chain
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
To pump
H+
ions into the
intermembrane space
, creating a
proton gradient
that drives
ATP synthesis
What is the role of ATP synthase in chemiosmosis?
It allows
H+
ions to flow back into the matrix
What are the main components of the mitochondrion shown in the image?
Intermembrane space
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Mitochondrial matrix
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