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Chemistry
Using Resources
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Cards (21)
What is the purpose of damp mineral wool in the apparatus used to react metals with steam?
To
generate
steam
upon
heating
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What gas is produced when metals react with steam?
Hydrogen
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What are the characteristics of ceramics?
Hard
Brittle
Heat-resistant
Corrosion-resistant
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What is a composite material?
Consists of two or more
materials
Different
properties
combined
Produces desirable properties
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What are the two components of a composite material called?
Reinforcement
and
matrix
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What are the properties of polymers?
Flexible
Easily shaped
Good
insulators
of heat and electricity
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How do thermosoftening polymers behave when heated?
Made from many polymer chains
Weak
intermolecular forces
Melt and can be remoulded
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How do thermosetting polymers differ from thermosoftening polymers?
Strong
covalent bonds
Do not soften when
heated
Hard, strong, and rigid
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What are the properties of metals?
Malleable
,
ductile
, good
conductors
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How do alloys compare to regular metals?
Alloys are much
stronger
and not
malleable
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What is corrosion?
Metals
breaking down by reacting with
substances
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What are barrier methods to prevent iron from rusting?
Paint it (for big structures)
Oil or grease it (for moving parts)
Electroplating
(thin layer of another metal)
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What are sacrificial methods for preventing iron from rusting?
Add a more
reactive
metal
E.g.,
aluminum
or
zinc
More reactive metal oxidizes instead
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What is galvanizing?
Coating iron with
zinc
for protection
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What is the chemical equation for rusting?
Iron
+
oxygen
+ water ->
hydrated iron (III) oxide
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What is the rusting half equation for iron?
Fe
-> Fe
3
+
^{3+}
3
+
+ 3e
−
^{-}
−
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What is the rusting half equation for oxygen?
O
2
_{2}
2
+ 4e
−
^{-}
−
-> 2O
2
−
^{2-}
2
−
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How does aluminum oxide protect against corrosion?
Forms a protective layer preventing
oxidation
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How can we change the properties of a polymer?
Change
reaction
temperature
Change reaction
pressure
Change the
catalyst
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Why do thermosetting polymers not melt when heated?
Strong
crosslinks
between
chains
Require lots of
energy
to break
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What are the limitations of life cycle assessments (LCAs)?
Difficult to gather all required data
Companies can manipulate LCAs
Hard to compare
different
harms
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