Using resources

    Cards (47)

    • What is sustainable development?
      Development meeting current and future needs
    • How is potable water produced in the UK?
      By choosing a fresh water source
    • What is the purpose of filter beds in potable water production?
      To remove solids from the water
    • Why is sterilization important in potable water production?
      To kill harmful microbes in the water
    • What are the sterilizing agents for potable water?
      Chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet light
    • Why must chlorine levels in water be monitored?
      Because chlorine is a toxic gas
    • What is the advantage of using ultraviolet light for sterilization?
      Avoids adding chemicals to the water
    • How is desalination carried out?
      By distillation or reverse osmosis
    • What is reverse osmosis?
      Passing seawater through a selective membrane
    • Why does reverse osmosis require high pressure?
      To push water through the membrane
    • What produces wastewater?
      Urban lifestyles and industrial processes
    • What must be removed from sewage and agricultural wastewater?
      Organic matter and harmful microbes
    • What does industrial wastewater treatment require?
      Removal of organic matter and harmful chemicals
    • What are the processes involved in sewage treatment?
      Screening, sedimentation, anaerobic digestion, aerobic treatment
    • What do new mining methods avoid?
      Disadvantages of traditional mining methods
    • What is phytomining?
      Using plants to absorb metal compounds
    • What happens to plants in phytomining?
      They are harvested and burned for ash
    • What is bioleaching?
      Using bacteria to produce leachate solutions
    • What is the main advantage of bioleaching and phytomining?
      They need less energy than traditional methods
    • What is the main disadvantage of bioleaching and phytomining?
      They are slow to carry out
    • What are the stages of Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs)?
      • Extracting and processing raw materials
      • Manufacturing and packaging
      • Use and operation during its lifetime
      • Disposal at the end of its useful life
    • How can we reduce the use of resources?
      By reducing, reusing, and recycling materials
    • What are the advantages and disadvantages of recycling?
      Advantages:
      • Less acid rain
      • Longer metal ore reserves
      • Conserved energy
      • Less waste and landfill
      • Creates local employment

      Disadvantages:
      • Collection problems
      • Transport costs
      • Difficult to separate metals
    • How can corrosion be prevented?
      By applying a protective coating
    • What is corrosion?
      Destruction of materials by chemical reactions
    • What is sacrificial protection?
      Using a more reactive metal to corrode first
    • What is bronze made of?
      Copper and tin
    • What is brass made of?
      Copper and zinc
    • How is the purity of gold measured?
      In carats, with pure gold as 24 carat
    • What are aluminum-magnesium alloys used for?
      In aerospace manufacturing due to low density
    • What are the properties of high carbon steel?
      Strong but brittle
    • What are the properties of low carbon steel?
      Soft and more easily shaped
    • What are stainless steels made of?
      Iron with chromium and nickel
    • How are the properties of polymers determined?
      By their monomers and production conditions
    • What are thermosetting polymers?
      Polymers that do not melt on heating
    • What are thermosoftening polymers?
      Polymers that soften and can be remolded
    • How is soda-lime glass made?
      By heating sand, sodium carbonate, and limestone
    • What is borosilicate glass made from?
      Sand and boron trioxide
    • How are clay ceramics made?
      By shaping wet clay and heating it
    • How are composites formed?
      • Fibres or fragments of one material (reinforcement)
      • Surrounded by a binder/matrix material
      • Example: Fibreglass (glass fibres in polymer)
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