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Chemistry
Using resources
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Cards (48)
What do we use Earth's resources for?
Warmth, shelter, food, and
transport
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How do natural resources contribute to our needs?
They provide
food
,
timber
, clothing, and fuels
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What are finite resources?
Resources with a
limited supply
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What role does chemistry play in sustainable development?
It improves
agricultural
and
industrial
processes
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What defines renewable energy resources?
Sources that quickly
replenish
themselves
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What is potable water?
Water that is
safe
to drink
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Why is potable water not considered 'pure'?
It contains
dissolved
substances
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What is the first step in producing potable water in the UK?
Selecting an appropriate source of
fresh water
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What is the purpose of sterilizing water?
To kill
microbes
present in the water
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What is required if only salty water is available?
Desalination
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What are two methods of desalination?
Distillation
and
reverse osmosis
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What is essential for life regarding water quality?
It must be free of
poisonous
salts and harmful
microbes
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What is the first step in wastewater treatment?
Passing water through a
mesh screen
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What happens during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge?
Microbes
break down organic matter without
oxygen
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Why is it cheaper to obtain potable water from groundwater?
It is easier than
desalinating
seawater
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What are copper ores becoming?
Scarce
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What are two new methods of extracting copper?
Phytomining
and
bioleaching
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How does phytomining work?
Plants absorb
metal
compounds and are
burned
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What is bioleaching?
Bacteria
produce leachate solutions with metals
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How can copper be obtained from copper compounds?
By
displacement
using scrap iron or
electrolysis
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What is the purpose of a life cycle assessment (LCA)?
To assess the
environmental impact
of
products
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What stages are assessed in an LCA?
Extraction
,
manufacturing
, use, and disposal
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Why is quantifying pollutant effects in LCA challenging?
It requires
value judgments
and is subjective
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What can selective LCAs be misused for?
To support
advertising
claims
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How can reducing, reusing, and recycling help the environment?
It reduces
resource
use and
waste impacts
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What materials are produced from limited raw materials?
Metals
, glass, building materials, and
plastics
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How can glass bottles be reused?
They can be
crushed
and
melted
for new products
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How are metals recycled?
By melting and
recasting
or
reforming
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What is corrosion?
Destruction of materials by
chemical reactions
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What is required for iron to rust?
Both
air
and
water
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How can corrosion be prevented?
By applying a
protective coating
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What is sacrificial protection?
A more
reactive
metal protects another metal
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What are most metals used in everyday applications?
Alloys
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Why are pure metals often mixed with other metals?
To make them
harder
for everyday use
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What is bronze an alloy of?
Copper
and
tin
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What is stainless steel resistant to?
Corrosion
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What are the properties of low-density polyethene?
Low
melting point
and
soft texture
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How are thermosoftening polymers characterized?
They are made of
individual
, tangled
chains
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What distinguishes thermosetting polymers?
They do not melt when
heated
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What are composites made of?
A
matrix
binding together
reinforcement
materials
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