Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

• Nucleotides are made for...

  A) Phosphate group

  B) Pentose Sugar

  C) Organic nitrogenous base

  
• Formation of nucleotides:

  A) Condensation

  B) phosphate

  C) Five-carbon sugar

  D) Organic base

  
• The covalent bond that is formed is called a phosphodiester bond

  A) Condensation

  B) Phosphodiester

  C) H_2O

  D) Phosphodiester

  
• Deoxyribose only has hydrogen bonded to its C2, meaning it has one less oxygen than ribose, which has a hydroxyl group attached to its C2

  A) Deoxyribose

  B) ribose

  C) OH

  D) H

  E) Pentose sugars

  
• Pyrimidines: Single-ring structure in DNA (thymine and cytosine) and RNA (uracil and cytosine); Purines: Double-ring structure in DNA and RNA (adenine and guanine)

  A) purine

  B) pyrimidine

  C) adenine

  D) guanine

  E) thymine

  F) uracil

  G) cytosine

  
• Nucleic Acids

  • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, RNA: Ribonucleic acid
  • Long
  • Unbranched chains
  • Polymers
  • Nucleotide subunits joined by phosphodiester (covalent, sugar-phosphate) bonds
  • Polynucleotides
  • Macromolecules
  • Condensation (Carbons 3 and 5 between phosphate group and pentose of another)
  • Nucleotide: Nitrogen-containing organic substance (8 types)
  • Cellular roles:
  • Form nucleic acids and ATP
  • Metabolic reactions (NAD, NADP, and coenzyme A)
  • Described as having sugar-phosphate backbone, with bases sticking out to one side