Validity

• What does validity in psychology fundamentally ask?

  Is it true and accurate?
• Why is questionability important in psychology?

  To avoid bias in research findings
• What are researchers required to consider regarding validity?

  How results were created and their truth
• What are the two types of validity in psychological research?

  • Internal validity
  • External validity
• What does questioning internal validity involve?

  Whether the independent variable caused the change
• What is a confounding variable?

  A third factor affecting the dependent variable
• What does questioning external validity involve?

  Generalizing findings to real-world behavior
• What is internal validity primarily concerned with?

  Causality between independent and dependent variables
• What is social desirability bias?

  Participants wanting to appear favorable
• What are demand characteristics?

  Participants guessing the study's purpose
• What are investigator effects?

  Researcher behavior influencing study findings
• What is researcher bias?

  Researcher interpreting behavior differently
• What does external validity assess?

  Generalizability of findings to other settings
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizing findings to different settings
• What is mundane realism?

  How naturalistic the task is for participants
• What is population validity?

  Generalizing findings to the broader population
• What is temporal validity?

  Applying findings across different time periods
• What is face validity?

  Does the measure appear to assess what it claims?
• What is criterion validity?

  Comparing test data to another measurement
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparing a new test to an established one
• What is predictive validity?

  Accurate predictions based on test results
• How can internal validity be improved?

  By excluding extraneous variables
• How can external validity be improved?

  Through replication in different settings
• How can temporal validity be improved?

  By replicating studies in modern contexts
• What is the significance of Milgram's study in terms of ecological validity?

  It showed obedience in a real-world setting
• What does Ainsworth's research demonstrate about population validity?

  Similar patterns of attachment across cultures
• What are the methods to assess validity in research?

  • Face validity
  • Criterion validity (concurrent and predictive)
• What techniques can improve internal validity?

  • Random allocation
  • Standardized procedures
  • Counterbalancing
  • Single and double-blind methods
  • Peer review system
• What techniques can improve external validity?

  • Replication in various settings
  • Inclusion of diverse samples
• What are the benefits of supporting platforms like Patreon for educational content creators?

  • Access to bonus resources
  • Support for part-time teaching
  • Development of educational materials