Hall believes media products are encoded with ideas from producers. They want a particular message to come across. They hope that the audience can decode the message
He states that the media producers want the audience to decode the ideas they put in their product and hope the audience can take the intended messages away
Preferred reading means the particular message has been received by the audience and the audience gets what the producers wanted them to understand
Hall believes some people will take an oppositional reading
Oppositional reading is where the audience do not take on the message that the producers wanted them to have
Hall also believes that audience can take a negotiated reading.
Negotiated reading. Is where an audience member accepts parts of the message but rejects other parts of it.
Hall states that Audiences might read texts in different ways for different reasons