RLE 8

• The general survey is a study of the whole person, covering the general health and any obvious physical characteristic.
• The general survey is done before physical examination.
• Objective parameters are used to form a general survey of the whole person, not just to one by system.
• The general survey is done during initial encounter with the patient.
• Measurements and vital signs are also obtained as part of comprehensive assessment of the general health status of the person.
• The vital signs or cardinal signs are body temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure.
• These signs are the clearest indicators of overall health status.
• A change in VS may indicate a change in the state of health.
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• Vital signs are routinely done or more frequently – depending on patient’s condition.
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• Post-op, vital signs should be monitored every 15 minutes for 2 hours.
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• Vital signs should be measured at health fairs and clinics, at home, upon admission to a healthcare setting, and when certain medications are given.
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• Adventitious breath sounds include Rales, Rhonchi, Stridor, and wheeze.
• The auscultatory gap is the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure.
• Factors that may increase the pulse rate include rest and sleep, supine position, anxiety, fever, old age, and exercise.
• The difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure is called the pulse deficit.
• The sounds heard during blood pressure taking are called Korotkoff sounds.
• Glass thermometer is no longer advisable due to the risk of breakage.
• The apical pulse can be taken at the dorsum of the foot, left-mid-clavicular, fifth intercostal space, lateral aspect of the neck, or the medial aspect of the ankle.
• Vital signs should be taken before and after any nursing intervention that could affect the vital signs, for example, ambulating a client who has been on bed rest.
• Convection is the transfer of heat away by air movement.
• Before vital signs are taken, ensure that the patient has rested and is placed in a comfortable position.
• Vital signs should be taken when a client has a change in health status or reports symptoms such as chest pain or feeling hot or faint.
• Surface body temperature is the temperature of the skin, the subcutaneous tissue and fat.
• Vital signs should be assessed on admission to a health care agency to obtain baseline data.
• Inform the physician or head nurse promptly for any significant change in the vital signs.
• Core temperature is the temperature of the deep tissues of the body, which can also be measured in the esophagus, pulmonary artery and bladder by an invasive monitoring device.
• Vital signs should be taken before and after surgery or an invasive procedure.
• Conduction is the transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact.
• Evaporation is the transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas.
• Among women, there is a rise in body temperature of 0.4 – 1.0°C following ovulation, which is caused by progesterone.