GZOO

• Anatomy - deals with the structure of organisms
• Anatomy - "the art of separating the parts of an animal/plant in order ascertain their position, relations, structure, function"
• Physiology - study of the normal functions and phenomena of living things
• Physiology - can be investegated at several different levels, from the cellular level through the functioning od discrete organs to the functioning of the whole animal
• Morphology - study of form and function of how it become an integrated part of an organism, and how that becomes a factor in evolution of new forms
• Organ system - complex of organs that functions together as a unit
• Integumentary system - refers to the skin and its derivatives such as scales, hair, feathers, claws, and nails (exoskeleton)
• Skeletal system - pertains to the inner skeleton (endoskeleton) that provide support, protection, and leverage for movement
• Muscular system - skeletal muscles that provide movement
• Digestive system - alimentary canal in the broad sense, including mouth and accessory structures (teeth, tongue, accessory digestive glands)
• Respiratory system - breathing organs, gills or lungs, and associated structures
• Hypothalamus - responsible for body temp, hunger, moods, and release of hormones from other glands; also controls shirts and sleep
• Pituitary - "master gland"; produces a wide variety of different hormones that influence other endocrine glands
• Testes - produce testosterone and sperm
• Ovaries - produce estrogen, progeterone, and eggs
• Exrcetory + Reproductive system = Urogenital system
• Tympanum - hearing organ as well as the organ of balance and equilibrium
• Eyes - pair of structures located in the orbit of the skull
• Organs of the frog

  • Organs of taste - taste buds
  • Organs os smell - nasal epithelium
  • Organs of vision - eyes
  • Hearing organ - tympanum
  • Organs of sense - sensory papillae
• Vagus nerve - innervates stomach, lungs, heart, larynx, esophagus, and muscles of the shoulder
• Glossopharyngeal nerves - innervates muscle and mucus membrane of the pharynx and tounge
• Auditory nerves - innervates inner ear
• Facial nerves - innervates ears, muscle of the lower jaw and throat, skin of the throat, nasal cavities, and the roof of the mouth
• Abducens nerves - innervates retractor bulbi and external rectus muscle of the eyes
• Trigeminal nerves - innervates the lips, muscles of the mandible and tongue, and skin of the head
• Trochlear nerves - innervates the superior oblique muscles of the eyes
• Oculomotor nerves - innervates the iris, lens, upper eyelid, and the four muscles of the eye
• Optic nerves - innervates the linings of the retina of the eyes
• Olfactory nerves - innervates the inner linings of the nose
• 10 cranial nerves in frogs

  • Olfactory nerve
  • Optic nerve
  • Oculomotor nerve
  • Trochlear nerve
  • Trigeminal nerve
  • Abducens nerve
  • Facial nerve
  • Auditory nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
• Peripheral nervous system

  • Somatic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
• Somatic nervous system - innervates structure associated with the body wall such as muscle, sense organs and glands
• Autonomic nervous system - divided into parasympathetic and sympthetic nervous system
• Spinal cord - carries nerve impulses from all over the body to the brain
• Spinal cord - controls many of the body's involuntary actions
• Hindbrain - consists of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata
• Medula oblongata - exits the foramen magnun and enters the spinal cord. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord
• Midbrain - distinguished by a pair of optic lobes
• Forebrain - made up of olfactory lobes, paired cerebral hemispheres, and an unpaired diencenphalon
• Cranium or brain box - a bony structure that protects the brain