Energy systems

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    Created by
    eleanor

    Cards (52)

    • Define respiration
      The making of energy
    • define aerobic respiration
      with oxygen - medium intensity
    • define anaerobic respiration
      without oxygen - higher intensity
    • ATP = adenosine triphosphate
    • ATP gives us entry and becomes ADP + P (when phosphate detaches when energy is released)
    • how long until ATP is used up?
      3-4 seconds
    • Define glycolysis
      the breakdown of glucose
    • what is meant by a steady state?
      only aerobic - 100%
    • what is meant by non steady state?
      not fully aerobic (anaerobic as well)
    • Three systems
      1. aerobic
      2. ATP -PC anaerobic system
      3. anaerobic glygotic system
    • ATP-PC Anaerobic system
      • happens first
      • switches on faster
      • PC= phosphate creatine
      • PC break down and resynthesise ATP
      • PC becomes P + C via the enzyme creating kinase
      • system lasts for 8-10 seconds
    • Aeorbic system
      • oxygen is available
      • 34-38 ATP produced
      • Krebs cycle
    • Aerobic system
      1. 2 pruvic acid
      2. acetyl CoA
      3. oxaloacetic acid
      4. citric acid
      5. Krebs cycle
      6. co2 produced
      7. hydrogen
      8. electron transport chain
      9. 34 ATP
      10. water + oxygen
    • Define VO2 max
      the maximum rate of oxygen your body is able to use during exercise per minute
    • Direct VO2 Max test
      accurately measures vo2 max by analysing o2 intake
    • Indirect VO2 Max test
      estimates using performance data via an equation
    • Fat burns in carbohydrate flame
      • breakdown of fatty acids depends somewhat on continual background levels of carbohydrate catabolism
      • Acetycl CoA enters the kreb cycle by combining oxaloaectic acid to form citric acid
    • What is ATP PC system site of reaction?
      sarcoplasm
    • What is anaerboic glycotic system?
      sarcoplasm
    • What is the site for aerobic system?
      Mitochondria
    • Direct gas analysis
      • Measures through mask which measures volume of o2 in the exhaled air
      • While running in treadmil at different speeds
    • Limiting factors of direct gas analysis test
      • Heart rate max out
      • Stroke volume only increase to certain amount
      • Breathing rate will max out
      • Tidal volume max out
      • fixed number of mitochondria/RBC/myoglobin
    • Define OBLA
      where lactate begins to accumulate in the blood
    • Adipose tissue
      Outside the muscle = in between muscle and skin
    • Define beta oxidation
      Breakdown of triglycerides
    • Breakdown of fat is much higher than carbohydrates
    • Average persons OBLA = 60% vo2 max
    • elite athlete OBLA = 90% vo2 max
    • OBLA usually occurs at 55-65% of vo2 max in healthy untrained people and often more than 80% in trained endurance athletes
    • Define oxygen deficit
      when the oxygen supply doesn't meet the oxygen demand
    • EPOC = excess post exercise oxygen consumption
    • Define EPOC
      the amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which normally would have been consumed at rest in the same period of time
    • Two types of oxygen debt
      1. Alactated debt
      2. Lactacid debt
    • Forms of energy
      1. Mechanical
      2. Electrical
      3. chemical
      4. Kinetic
      5. Potential
    • What is bicarbonate buffering/loading?
      its alkali
      this is when the bicarbonate delays the effect of lactic acid/lactate to enhance sports performance
      allows greater lactic acid production and delays effect of fatigue
    • What is alactated debt?
      • First component of O2 debt that is replenished
      • Volume of O2required to restore phosphagens used in ATP-PC energy system
      • Approx 2-3 minutes to resynthesise PC
      • 2-3 litres of O2 can be consumed
    • what is lactacid debt?
      • volume of O2 needed to remove lactate and hydrogen ions from the muscles
      • aprox 1 hour but cab be accelerated by undertaking a cool down/energy recovery
      • around 50% of the debt is repaid in first 15minutes
    • The fate of lactate/ Hydrogen ions
      • Conversion into CO2 and H20 = 65%
      • Conversion into glycogen = 20%
      • Conversion to glucose = 5%
      • Conversion to protein = 10%
    • Recovery systems
      1. protein = 48 hour window of opportunity
      2. Carbohydrates = 2 hour window of opportunity
    • Recovery systems
      thermo regulation = temperature regulation and cooling, links to rehydration
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