Occupational Therapy use Frame of References as a theoretical basis for its treatment approach.
Frame of References is the theoretical or conceptual ideas that have been developed outside the profession, but, with judicious
use, are applicable within the occupational therapy practice.
Psychodynamic FOR - It equally focused on the patient’s relationship with his/her external world.
psychodynamic for - identifies symptom-producing unconscious content
psychodynamic for - The goals of psychodynamic are client’s
self-awareness & understanding of the influence of the past on the present behavior.
psychodynamic for - It enables the client to examine unresolved
conflicts & symptoms that arise from past dysfunctional relationships & manifest themselves in the need & desire to abuse substances.
behavioral for - emphasizes on the use of behavioral modification to shape behaviors
behavioral for - support to increase the tendency of adaptive behaviors or to decrease the probability of maladaptive learned behavior
movement centered - directed toward and adolescent or adult population identifies as having cns dysfunction
movement centered - typically having behavior and performance problems and often having psychiatric diagnoses
movement centered - this population is believed to have problems with processing sensation into normal, fluid movement, which in turn relates to impoverished body image, confidence, and social behavior
cognitive disability - a limitation in sensorimotor actions originating in the physical or chemical structures of the brain and producing observable and assessable limitations in routine task behavior
lifespan development - approach will be assisting clients with transitional tasks.
model of human occupation - conceptual framework that addresses how and why we engage in meaningful daily assessment
occupational adaptation - the more adaptive the person is, the more functional they become
ecology of human performance - occupation is determined by the person, environment and occupation
kawa model - Group of japanese occupational therapists embarked on a project that aimed to develop an alternative approach that would transform their occupational therapy and bring it more in line with their client’s day-to-day realities and experiences of disablement.
Spatiotemporal Adaptation - Each individual has a unique spatiotemporal orientation to environmental experiences.
rehabilitative - Rehabilitation as the process of facilitating
patients in fulfilling daily activities and social roles with competence.
biomechanical - A remedial approach focusing on impairments that limit occupational performance
biomechanical - Assumes clients are able to acquire the voluntary motor skills necessary to perform the desired human
occupation, meaning that the underlying impairment is amenable to remediation.
sensorimotor - views client who has sustained a cns insult to the upper motor neuron as having poorly regulated control of the lower motor neurons
sensorimotor approach - use of sensory stimulation to evoke a motor response, either through facilitatory or inhibitory effect on muscle
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation - Developmental sequencing of movement and the balanced interplay between
agonist and antagonist in producing volitional movement.
four theoretical assumptions of rehabilitative FOR:
A person can regain independence through compensation
Motivation is a basic requirement for independence, it cannot be separated from the volitional and habitual subsystems
Motivation cannot be separated from environmental context
A minimum of emotional and cognitive prerequisite skills are needed to make independence possible
REHABILITATIVE FOR
Clinical reasoning should take top-down approach → client-centered
Kawa Model follows
the more ‘primitive’
ontological view of
people and nature,
drawing no clear
distinctions or
separations between
selves and their
context of reality.
“Kawa” means river
and this model uses it
as a metaphor for life
flow.
River (kawa): fluid and
integrative image to
represent the
complexity and
harmony of the client’s
occupational life flow.
Water (Mizu):
symbolizes their life
journey, flowing
through time and
space.
Rocks (Iwa):
problematic life
circumstances that are
difficult to remove
River side walls
(Kawa no soku-heki)
and bottom (kawa no
zoko): environmental
issues affective the
flow of the river and
determining
boundaries, shape,
and flow of river.
Driftwood (Ryboku):
personal assets such
as material or
immaterial resources
(liabilities).
Spacebetween the
obstruction in the
river (Sukima):
Occupation.
ecology of human performance
Occupational Performance is the primary outcome of interest.
provide assessment and intervention that focus on ENVIRONMENT
OA Process:
Highly interactive, complex and self-organizing process with the goal of achieving mastery.
Goal is not to achieve a determined balance or equilibrium.
Goal is a continuous process of order and disorder and reorganization.