Theme 1: Great Powers

• 'The Arab Spring' refers to the series of uprisings that began in Tunisia in December 2010, spreading across North Africa and the Middle East.
• In February 2011, protests broke out against President Mubarak in Egypt
• 1908


  AIOC finds oil in Persia
• June 1916

  Arab Revolt
• 1920


  Britain given Palestine mandate
• 1921


  Britain given Iraq Mandate
• 1922


  Britain given Transjordan mandate
• 1932


  Iraq gained independence
• 1946


  Transjordan gained independence
• 1948


  Britain give up Palestine mandate
• 1956


  Suez CrisisSecret deal with Britain, Israel and France to take back control of the canal
• 1923


  France given mandate for Syria and Lebanon
• 1943


  Lebanon independence
• 1946


  Syrian independence
• 1953


  Mossadeq Coup, Shah given more power with the removal of Mossadeq
• 1957


  Introduction of Eisenhower Doctrine
• 1967


  Six-Day War +Beginning of Israel-First Approach
• 1973


  Yom Kippur War
• 1980-88


  Iran-Iraq War
• 1991


  1st Gulf WarUSA led 34 nation coalition
• 2003


  US invades Iraq with British support to find WMD
• 2011


  Arab Spring
• 1955


  Czech Arms deal USSR supply weapons to Nasser
• 1970


  Soviet Union increases military support in Egypt taking control of air defence system
• May 1971


  Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation - USSR trying to keep influence in Sadat's Egypt
• July 1972

  All Russian military personnel expelled from Egypt
• 1949


  UN takes control of 750k Palestinian refugees
• 1956 UN


  Amassed 6000 troops for peace keeping during Suez Crisis
• 1967 UN


  Leader U Thant removes forces after request from Nasser, allowed troop movement causing Six Day Way
• June 1967

  UN brings war to end on 6th day of the war
• 1973 UN


  Bring Ceasefire
• 1974


  UN hosted event where Arafat accepted existence of Israel and didn't demand full restoration of Palestine.
• When was the Deauville Partnership?


  May 2011
• What was the Deauville partenership?

  help for arab countries to transition to more democratic ones
• What did the USA call on GB to do in 1945?


  Allow Jewish refugees to Palestine
• How did the USA react to the GB and French Suez action?

  Blocked financial aid to GBSupported UN calls for GB troop removalWanted to keep good relations with Nasser to prevent Soviet influence
• What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?


  The United States would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.
• When did the 'Israel-First' approach begin?

  1967Gave Israel lots of support in war against Soviet backed ArabsDidn't force Israeli withdrawal from captured territories
• How did the USA view Sadat?


  Didn't want him removedLess sympathetic to Soviets
• Who did the USA support in the Iran-Iraq war?

  Iraq, wanted their oil