Topic 6: Evidence of Evolution Flashcards

• what are the four types of data that document the pattern of evolution

  1. direct observations of populations changing in real-time2. homology3. fossil records4. biogeography
• what is an example of direct observations of evolutionary change

  natural selection of beak depth in Galapagos Medium Ground Finch in response to environmental factors and competition
• what are the 3 things that happens when a bacteria has repeated short exposure to an antibiotic

  -natural selection takes place with the survival of resistant bacteria-creates a new population of resistant bacteria-the antibiotic is no longer effective, most individuals carry the genes associated with antibiotic resistance
• what is homology


  the similarity resulting from common ancestry (descent with modification)
• what is a homologous structure


  anatomical resemblances representing variations on structural themes present in common ancestor
• related species have characteristics with similar underlying homologous structures but may have different what


  functions
• what does comparative embryology reveal

  reveals anatomical homologies not visible in adult organisms
• shared embryonic structures are evidence for what

  for species evolving from a common ancestor
• What are pharyngeal pouches in fish?

  gills - gas exchange
• What are pharyngeal pouches in tetrapods?

  parts of the ear, head, and neck
• what is a vestigial structure


  are remnants of features that served important functions in an organisms ancestors
• what are molecular homologies

  genes shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor
• all life forms use the same universal what

  genetic code
• what is the genetic code a strong piece of evidence for

  for a common ancestor from which all life descended
• what 3 things does the fossil record provide evidence for

  -extinction of species-origin of new groups-changes within groups over time
• what allows fossils to be placed in time

  dating of sedimentary rock layers (strata)
• what is stratum

  Stratum is a uniform layer of sedimentary rock or soil laying between layers with different compositions.
• the branching order of the phylogeny corresponds to what

  the order of appearance of each group in the fossil record
• data from phylogeny and fossils are often what

  in agreement
• data from phylogeny and fossils are often in agreement providing strong evidence for what

  evolution
• extinction is seen in what kind of records

  fossil records
• extinct intermediate forms can be identified to appear as what


  to appear to be ancestors of living species
• fossiles document important what

  transitions
• what is an example of a transition that fossils document for

  transition from land to sea in ancestors of cetaceans
• what is biogeography


  the study of the geographic distribution of organisms based on both living species and fossils
• the geographic distribution of species provides evidence of what

  evolution
• what was pangaea


  a supercontinent that began to break apart due to continental drift
• understanding continent movement and modern species distribution allows us to predict what


  when and where different groups evolved
• what is an endemic species

  species only found in a specific area and that are not found anywhere else in the world
• what form of land usually has many endemic species

  islands
• endemic species are often closely related to what

  species on the nearest mainland or island
• darwin explained that ancestral species that dispersed to islands gave rise to what

  to new species as they adapted to new environments