Economy and Occupations

• Both Brazil and India have a mixed economy with a strong and rapidly growing service sector.
• Brazil is one of the world giants of mining, agriculture, and manufacturing, and it has a higher national income than India.
• India is still dependent on agriculture, though the service sector is also increasing in India.
• The contribution of sectors in national income is represented in a graph with the percentage of the population engaged in each sector.
• The contribution of sectors in national income in Brazil is represented as follows: Tertiary, Secondary, Primary.
• In India, the contribution of sectors in national income is represented as follows: Tertiary, Secondary, Primary.
• Like the Indian economy, the Brazilian economy is also a developing economy with per capita incomes very less compared to the developed countries like the USA.
• Though India has a higher national income as compared to Brazil, the per capita income of India is lower than Brazil.
• The major primary occupations in Brazil are shown in the map.
• Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu produce the bulk of salt in the country.
• Silver bellies carp (chopda) etc. are major freshwater varieities.
• This area, particularly the north-eastern part of the peninsula, has a very high concentration of heavy metallurgical industries with almost all the steel centres situated here.
• Jharkhand, Orissa, adjoining Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, parts of Rajasthan, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu account for most of the reserves of metallic minerals.
• Mechanical engineering, electricals, automobile, fertiliser, and numerous consumer industries, which show little bias for raw material, have come up all over the country with heavier concentration near the big cities.
• Agro-based industries including cotton, jute and sugar are heavily concentrated in the raw material-producing areas.
• Freshwater fishing is carried on in rivers, canals, irrigation channels, tanks, ponds, lakes, etc.
• Industries in India are concentrated in large towns due to the availability of necessary raw materials and power resources.
• Most of the large industries in Brazil are concentrated in the south and south east.
• The north east is traditionally the poorest part of Brazil, but it is beginning to attract new investment.
• About 60 per cent of the country’s total fish production comes from inland fisheries.
• Rajasthan has copper, lead and zinc; Karnataka has steel, manganese and aluminium; and Tamil Nadu has aluminium metal industries.
• The distribution of cement industry is also highly conditioned by the availability of raw materials.
• Koyali, Digboi, Noonmati and Bongaigaon refineries are situated close to the petroleum producing areas, and Mathura and Barauni refineries in the interior, away from the coast and oil-producing areas.
• The coastal belt of Kerala has a heavy concentration of coir, copra and fish canning industries.
• The forest-based industries including paper, ply wood, matches, resins and lac are in the forest areas of various states.
• Mining activity has not developed in the interior parts of the country due to factors like inaccessibility, lack of knowledge of potential reserves of resources, dense forests, etc.
• The contribution of sectors in GDP (2016) is as follows: Food crops (24%), Cash Crops (20%), Fruits and Vegetables (12%), and Contribution of sectors in GDP (2016) Percentage of population engaged in various sectors (2016) Per Capita Income from 1960 to 2016 ( in US $) .
• Rubber plantations are concentrated in the Amazon region of Brazil.
• Cattle, sheep and goats are also reared in the Savannah grasslands in the south of Brazil, resulting in the production of meat and dairy products on a large scale.
• Agriculture is the main occupation of the people living in the highlands and coastal areas of Brazil.
• The national per capita income of these countries is low.
• Rice and maize are the main cereal crops produced in Brazil.
• The production of these crops can be related to the climate in Brazil.
• The United States Dollar is used during international transactions at the international level.
• Food crops are mainly grown in Brazil.
• Brazil is the largest exporter of coffee and soyabean in the world.
• Production of fruits like bananas, pineapples, oranges and other citrus fruits is also done in Brazil.
• The major states growing coffee in Brazil are Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo.
• The United States is a developed country with a well-educated population and a strong economy.
• India and Brazil are developing countries with a focus on technological advancement, education, and industry.