1.4 enzymes

• Competitive inhibitors have a similar shape to the substrate and bind to the active site of the enzyme.
• Non-competitive inhibitors bind to the allosteric site and change the shape of the active site.
• Increasing enzyme concentration while competitive inhibitors are present will increase the rate of reaction steadily.
• An immobilised enzyme is an enzyme trapped in an alginate substance.
• The benefits of using immobilised enzymes are as follows: continuous process, enzymes are stabilised, enzymes can be recovered and reused.
• During denaturation, hydrogen, covalent and ionic bonds break. This changes the shape of the active site so substrates can't bind.
• As temperature increases, kinetic energy increases, meaning particles move faster which results in more successful collisions.
• Inactivation is reversible, denaturation is irreversible.
• Anabolic reactions: building up molecules.
• Catabolic reactions: breaking down molecules.