Social studies

• The Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean seas all encircle Greece.
• 40% of land is arable, favorable of growing crops like grapes and olives
• What are the 3 seas that encircles Greece?

  Aegean, Ionian, Mediterranean
• Knossos served as the Minoans capital
• The Minoans loved celebrations and competitions, such as bull-leaping
• The Minoans fell into ruins due to volcanic eruption, powerful waves, or outside invasions
• The two earliest Greek civilizations were Minoans and Mycenaeans
• The leader of the Minoans is Minos
• The leader of Mycenaeans is Agamemnon
• Mycenae is the largest city of Mycenaean
• The cause of collapse of the Minoans is they were invaded by the Mycenaeans
• When Paris kidnapped helen the Trojan war started
• A large wooden horse was constructed to conceal the Greek invaders as they entered the city of troy
• King Menelaus of sparta is King Agamemnon's brother
• The city of this time period's ruins were found by German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann
• The invasion of foreign seafarers caused the Mycenaean civilization to entirely collapse, the next 300 years in Greek is known as the dark age
• The dark age ended when the Ionian Greeks reintroduced Greek culture. This marked the beginning of the Hellenic period
• Helen was thought to be the ancestor of the ancient Greeks, they called themselves "Hellenes" and took their name from her

  
• Polis - city state
• Monarchy - ruled by a king or queen
• Aristocracy - nobility gained political power by serving the king
• Oligarchy - communities were rich and powerful tradesman and artisans took or shared power with aristocrats
• Phalanx - a military formation of the hoplites
• The most well known and progressive polis were Sparta Athena
• Democracy - government ruled by people

  Military - administered military government

  
• Draco made the 1st written law in Athens
• Solon cancelled all land debts
• Pinistratus distributed the lands of the aristocrats to the poor
• Cleisthenes implemented ostracism to protect Athenians from abusive leaders
• Battle of marathon

  Athens vs Persia

  Athens won
• Battle of Thermopylae

  Sparta vs Persia

  Persia won
• Battle of salamis

  Sparta and Athens vs persia

  Persia lost
• The Delian league consists of 140 members. Their objective was to strengthen the defense against the Persians.
• Athens reached its golden age under the leadership of Pericles. The time of his rule was referred to as the "age of Pericles"
• Pericles assembled 200 warships
• The Peloponnesian league headed by Sparta
• Peloponnesian war

  Athens vs Sparta