MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION

• what is steven johnson syndrome?

  symptoms of respiratory distress, fever, chills, rash, and blisters
• what is anaphylaxis?


  a severe life threatening reactions in which the immune response produces dyspnea, hypotension, and tachycardia
• what releases during an allergic reaction

  histamines and cytokines
• what warning does celecoxib havw

  may cause serious cardiovascular adverse reactions, mi, or stroke
• who must ADE be reported to?

  the fda
• what is a serious adverse drug event?

  a life threatening medication reaction that requires medical intervention to prevent death, permanent disability, or congenital anomaly
• what are adverse drug reactions (ADR)?

  unintended and nontherapeutic effects which ranges from tolerable to harmful damage
• what is an antagonist?

  a medication that prevents the activation of a receptor
• what is an agonist?


  a medication that activates receptors to initiate a preferred response
• what does activation have the potential to do?

  increase or decrease a specific cell function
• what are receptors?

  molecules that are found on the cell membrane or cytoplasm that are responsible for chemical signaling between and within cells
• medications that attach themselves to a cell receptor can do what?

  either activate or inactivate a receptor
• what is duration?

  the period of time for which the medication maintains its therapeutic effects
• what is peak?

  when absorption is complete, the medication is distributed throughout the body, and the medication is at its highest concentration
• what is onset?

  the time the medication takes to produce a therapeutic effect
• what is diazepams half life?

  20-50 hours
• when can medications with longer half lives be administered?

  only once a day
• what is a half-life?

  the time it takes for the medication to fall to its half strength through excretion
• when are trough blood levels measured?

  before administering the next scheduled dose
• what are trough blood levels?

  the lowest level of concentration that correlates to the rate of elimination
• when do peak medication levels occur?

  when absorption is complete
• what is the peak blood level?


  when medication is at the highest concentration
• what will guide the hcp in maintaining therapeutic medication levels?

  peak and trough blood levels
• when is TDM used?

  for medications that have a narrow therapeutic window
• what is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)

  method used by hcp to monitor medication concentrations in a clients blood
• what is pharmacodynamics?

  the study of how a medication works, its relationship to medication concentrations, and how the body responds
• when does medication toxicity develop?

  when the body is unable to metabolize and excrete a medication
• what affects the rate of medication excretion?

  the kidney, heart, and liver function which affects the concentration
• what other organs excrete medication to a lesser extent?

  the skin, lungs, exocrine glands. liver, mammary glands, and intestines
• which organ is primarily responsible for medication excretion?

  the kidney
• what does elimination of medication from the body require?

  a joint effort of the bodys metabolism and excretion functions
• what is excretion?

  the process by which the medication is removed from the body
• what can influence medication metabolism by allowing or preventing enzyme of cyp 450 to function normally?

  nutrients
• what must the nurse be alert for?

  prolonged effects of medication, adverse effects, and higher levels
• what do cyp enzymes regulate?

  the rate at which a medication is broken down and the amount of time the medication stays in the body
• what characteristics can influence how fast medications are metabolized?

  race and age
• where routes are medications that undergo precipitous metabolism administered?

  parenteral, sublingual, transdermal, and rectal
• knowledge of medications that undergo precipitous metabolism in the liver is what?

  crucial for determining the appropriate route of administration
• where do oral medications pass?

  from the small intestines to the hepatic circulation via the mesenteric and portal veins flowing into the liver
• what happens to oral medications with the first pass effect?

  the medication will have a lower concentration that reaches the systemic circulation