Adipose and Cartilage

• Reticular fibers form the supporting framework of white adipose tissue
• Somatotropin is a major hormone that regulates the growth of cartilage
• Hyaline cartilage lacks innervation, its avascular, and its found mostly at articular surfaces of bone
• Perichondrium covers the surface of hyaline cartilage except articular surfaces of joints
• Brown fat contain numerous mitochondria
• Adipose tissue does thermogenesis, insulation, energy storage and cushioning organs
• Low-density lipoprotein is known as bad cholesterol
• White fat cells produce leptin, a polypeptide hormone
• The particles formed from ingested triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol are called chylomicrons
• Main function of brown adipose tissue is thermogenesis
• Triglyceride contains glycerol and three fatty acid chains
• Hyaline cartilage can be found in tracheal rings, cartilage of hip joint, and cartilage connecting ribs to sternum
• Elastic cartilage can be found in external ear and epiglottis
• Fibrocartilage can be found in the intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis and the meniscus of the knee
• Fibrocartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.
• Chondrocytes are located in lacunae in hyaline cartilage
• White adipose has adipocytes with a single lipid drop and a nucleus displaced to the plasma membrane
• The extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage is composed in part of a gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
• Osteoarthritis is a common condition with aging, in which the hyaline cartilage basically wears out
• Fibrocartilage has the highest concentration of fibroblasts associated with it
• A benign fat cell tumor is called a lipoma
• Hyaline cartilage has the largest amount of proteoglycans per unit mass
• In routine histological sections, its not possible to see the lipid in the fat cells because the solvents used to prepare the slides dissolve the lipid
• Triglycerides has the highest caloric content per gram
• The extracellular matrix of cartilage (all three types) is composed of GAGs, proteoglycans, and collagen fibers, and elastic fibers.
• All three types of cartilage form from mesenchyme.
•  lipoprotein transports fat molecules and its composed of phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and other molecules.
• Hydrolysis of VLDLs in the blood capillaries forms free fatty acids
• Adipose is a loose connective tissue
• Subcutaneous fat, under the skin, for thermoregulation
• Visceral fat, for cushioning organs such as the heart, gonads, kidneys, intestines, etc
• Brown adipose is located in Kidneys, adrenal glands, and a few other places
• White adipocytes store lipids derived from dietary fats as chylomicrons, triglycerides as very-low-density lipoprotein and fatty acids
• Lipids are released from adipocytes by the enzyme lipase, which is activated by the hormone norepinephrine from the adrenal gland
• Chylomicrons (ULDLs) transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body, where the triglycerides are broken down
• Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and othersubstances in and on the artery walls
• Cartilage resists compression because of the chemical bonds between type II collagen fibrils, hyaluranon (a type ofGAG), and proteoglycans
• Fibrocartilage does not have a perichondrium
• Hyaline cartilage allows low-friction joint motion, supports respiratory passages, connects ribs to sternum, and "controls" long bone growth at epiphyseal plates
• Fibrocartilage is tough, resists strain, but cushions also