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HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
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Cards (76)
What is a flood?
Rise in water level in a
stream
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What is the typical rate of water level receding during a flood?
At a slower rate
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What are the typical causes of floods?
Meteorological
events (storms, etc.)
Seismic
activities (earthquakes, etc.)
Blasting (due to explosions)
Construction of temporary dams
Failure and mismanagement of
hydraulic
structures
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What are the different types of floods?
Flash floods
Fluvial floods
Coastal floods
Estuarine floods
Urban floods
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What causes flash floods?
Excessive rainfall
in
less than 6 hours
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What does "Fluvius" mean in Latin?
River
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What causes fluvial floods?
Exceeding capacity of
stream channels
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What causes coastal floods?
Storm surges
and high winds with tides
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What causes estuarine floods?
Interaction of
river
and
saline
water flows
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What causes urban floods?
Intense rainfall
creating rapid
runoff
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What are the effects of floods?
Destruction of
properties
Devastation of
agricultural
crops
Negative impact on
livelihoods
and economy
Loss of
lives
,
injuries
, and
diseases
Possible
contamination
of water bodies
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What are the key elements that contribute to flooding?
Rainfall intensity and duration
Topography
Soil condition
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What is the purpose of monitoring hydrological conditions?
To analyze
flooding
risks in water bodies
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What does a rain gauge measure?
Amount of
precipitation
in an area
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What is the measurement standard for rain gauges in open areas?
2
feet
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What is the measurement standard for rain gauges in urban areas?
5 feet
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How much precipitation does 1 mm equal in liters per square meter?
1 liter
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What is the Isohyetal Method?
A method for measuring
precipitation
distribution
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What is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?
Climatic phenomenon with
fluctuating
ocean
temperatures
Changes in the
atmosphere
Phases:
El
Niño
,
La Niña
,
Neutral
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What are the three phases of ENSO?
El Niño
,
La Niña
, Neutral
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What is associated with El Niño?
Warmer
surface waters
in
eastern Pacific
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When does El Niño typically start?
Between
December
to
February
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What is La Niña?
Cooling of
ocean
surface temperatures
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What occurs during the Neutral phase of ENSO?
Conditions
are
near
average
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How do trade winds affect El Niño and La Niña?
Normal
conditions: easterlies go east to west
El Niño: weak easterlies trap heat
La Niña
: strong easterlies increase
evaporation
Neutral: opposite
conditions
occur
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Where do tropical cyclones occur?
At the
intertropical convergence zone
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What are the types of tropical cyclones and their locations?
Cyclone:
Indian Ocean
,
Southwest Pacific Ocean
Typhoon:
Northwest Pacific Ocean
Hurricane:
Atlantic Ocean
,
Northeast Pacific
,
Northern Pacific
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What is the generic term for any intense circulating weather system?
BAGYO
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What does PAGASA stand for?
Philippine
Atmospheric Geographical and
Astronomical
Services Administration
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What does DOST stand for?
Department of Science and Technology
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What does JMA stand for?
Japan Meteorological Agency
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What is a typhoon?
A large
storm system
with violent
winds
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What are the parts of a typhoon?
Eye
: calm weather
Eye wall
: heaviest weather
Inner Rainband
Outer Rainband
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What is the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)?
A belt of converging trade winds near the
equator
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Who is Gustave Gaspard Coriolis?
A scientist associated with the
Coriolis Effect
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How does the Coriolis Effect influence wind direction?
It causes winds to rotate differently in
hemispheres
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What is a low pressure area?
When
atmospheric pressure
is lower than surroundings
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How is a super typhoon compared to a train?
It is compared to a
bullet train
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How is a typhoon compared to a train?
It is compared to a train
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How is a severe tropical storm compared to a vehicle?
It is compared to a
car
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