GEN ANA2: SCALP

• Parotid nodes are located in the area of the face below the ear.
• Lymph Drainage of the Scalp is a topic of interest.
• Buccal nodes are located in the area of the face below the ear.
• The scalp consists of five layers, the first three of which are intimately bound together and move as a unit.
• Skin on the scalp is thick and hair bearing and contains numerous sebaceous glands.
• Connective tissue beneath the skin on the scalp is fibrofatty, with the fibrous septa uniting the skin to the underlying aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle.
• The posterior auricular artery is a branch of the external carotid artery, ascends behind the auricle to supply the scalp above and behind the auricle.
• The greater occipital nerve is a branch of the posterior ramus of the 2nd cervical nerve, ascends over the back of the scalp and supplies the skin as far forward as the vertex of the skull.
• The lesser occipital nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus (C2), supplies the scalp over the lateral part of the occipital region and the skin over the medial surface of the auricle.
• The superficial temporal artery is the smaller terminal branch of the external carotid artery, ascends in front of the auricle in company with the auriculotemporal nerve.
• The occipital artery is a branch of the external carotid artery, ascends from the apex of the posterior triangle, in company with the greater occipital nerve.
• The occipital artery supplies the skin over the back of the scalp and reaches as high as the vertex of the skull.
• The venous drainage of the scalp includes the retroauricular mastoid nodes, occipital nodes, superficial cervical nodes, submandibular nodes, anterior cervical nodes, laryngeal nodes, tracheal nodes, and esophageal nodes.
• The superficial temporal artery divides into anterior and posterior branches, which supply the skin over the frontal and temporal regions.
• The supratrochlear and the supraorbital arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery, ascend over the forehead in company with the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves.
• Aponeurosis (epicranial), which is a thin, tendinous sheet that unites the occipital and frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle.
• Loose areolar tissue, which occupies the subaponeurotic space and loosely connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the periosteum of the skull (the pericranium).
• Pericranium, which is the periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull bones.
• Occipitofrontalis muscle, when it contracts, the first three layers of the scalp move forward or backward.
• The loose areolar tissue allows the aponeurosis to move on the pericranium.
• The frontal bellies of the occipitofrontalis can raise the eyebrows in expressions of surprise.
• Supratrochlear nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, winds around the superior orbital margin and supplies the scalp.
• Supraorbital nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, winds around the superior orbital margin and ascends over the forehead, It supplies the scalp as far backward as the vertex.
• Zygomaticotemporal nerve, a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, supplies the scalp over the temple.