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Thermal Effects
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Cards (15)
Solids have a
fixed
shape and
fixed
volume
liquid has a
fixed
volume and
no fixed
shape
gas has
no fixed
shape and
no fixed
volume
solid -> gas =
endothermic
gas -> solid =
exothermic
endothermic requires heat to be
absorbed
exothermic requires heat to be
lost
In a solid:
The molecules are very
close
together and arranged in a
regular
pattern
The molecules
vibrate
about
fixed
positions
In a liquid:
The molecules are still
close
together (no gaps) but are no longer arranged in a
regular
pattern
The molecules are able to
slide
past each other
In a gas:
The molecules are
widely
separated - about 10 times further apart in each
direction
The molecules move about
randomly
at
high
speeds
solids have a
regular
lattice and have
very strong
forces of attraction
gas have
irregular
lattice and have
little or no
forces of attration
absolute zero is
-273℃
liquids have irregular lattice and strong forces of attraction
internal energy = sum of
KE
and
PE
of particles
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