Politics

• The purpose of graduate voting was to give graduates a separate representation in the political system.
• Elements of state


  territory, people, government, sovereignty
• People


  small enough to be governed well and large enough to be self sufficient
• Suffarage 


  Can be exercised by citizens of the philippines not otherwise disqualified by law
• Government 


  Agency that carries out the will of the state
• "Kasarinlan" supreme power of the state to command and enforce its will


  Sovereignty
• Government


  ____ will not exist without people
• Internal sovereignty

  Kind of sovereignty With government implementation of law
• External sovereignty 


  Equates to foreign policy
• Territory

  Terrestrial, fluvial, maritime, and aerial
• Territory

  Fixed portion of land over which the jurisdiction of the state extends
• Territory


  Sovereignty without exist without this _____
• Sequence of importance (elements of state)

  Territory, sovereignty, people, government
• Constitution


  Body of rules and principles
• Constitution


  Highest element in heirarchy of laws
• Republic acts 


  Can be varied due to jurisprudence
• Jurisprudence


  Under constitution in the heirarchy of laws
• Ordinances 


  laws implemented over provinces, cities, barangays
• Deliberative and formal

  Conventional or enacted constitution
• Commulative or evolved constitution

  Political evolution
• Two forms of constitution


  Written and unwritten
• Special sanctity, one cannot be altered by legislative process

  Rigid or inelastic
• Constitution or ordinary law

  Flexible or elastic
• Characteristic of philippine constitution

  Conventional, written, and rigid or inelastic
• Monarchygovernment wherein power is handed down to generation
• Aristocracy or oligarchs


  power structure in which power rests with a small number of people
• democracy

  Government of people, for the people, and by the people
• Direct and pure democracy


  Involves all people
• Control lies within the house of representative

  Indirect or representative democracy
• Indirect 


  Control can be unitary or federal
• exercised by a central government

  Unitary
• federal


  Organ is supreme over its territory
• Concept of power relative to central and local dynamics

  Control, decentralization, deconcentration, supervision, devolution
• parliamentary 


  Co-existence, one chameber separate functions
• Presidential


  Separate, different chambers with separate function
• democratic, unitary, presidential

  Classification of philippine government
• Waters around between connecting the island

  Philippine Archipelago
• Archipelago


  Sea studded with islands or group of island
• all island of an archipelago are considered as one unit around between and connecting

  Archipelagic doctrine
• Only applies if the church intervine with pure political issue or matter


  Separation of church and state