chapter 2

• quality assurance includes all the avidities and programs put in place to guarantee the excellence of patient care
• the joint commission establishes standards for the operation of hospitals and other health related facilities and services and accrediting and certifying these organizations
• the method used by the joint commission to identify and communicate risk levels is called the Survey Analysis for Evaluating Risk or SAFER
• Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88) is more on lab focused specifically human samples. it establish quality standards that apply to all facilities including clinics and physician's office laboratory
• quality is the degree of excellence of something
• the institute for healthcare improvement is a non profit organization focused on the patient safety agenda.
• clinical laboratory improvement advisory committee (CLIAC) purpose is to provide technical and scientific advice and guidance to the appropriate people in the CMS who administer regulations
• college of american pathologists is the quality care through standards for the laboratory and phlebotomy that offers proficiency testing and a continuous form of laboratory inspection
• "res ipsa loquitur" means "the thing speaks for itself"
• "respondeat superior" means "let the master respond"
• labelling must be exact abd requirements should be strictly followed
• technique means understands the importance of follow national standards
• delta checks compare coherent results of a lab test with previous results for the same patients
• patient record are chronologic documentation of the medical care given
• documentation are critical in all areas of healthcare
• some type of consents are HIV consent, consent for minors, refusal of consent, implied consent, expressed consent, and informed consent
• thresholds and data are level of acceptable practice beyond which quality patient care cannot be assured
• the patients record is the chronologic documentation of the medical care given
• test catalogs and reference are patient preparation and sample preparation
• the procedure manual is the policies and procedures that apply to each test or practice performed in the laboratory
• the safety manual is the chemical, electrical, fire, and radiation safety, disaster plan: OSHA regulated
• the infection prevention and control manual is the standard precaution
• sexual harassment is an unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that is cruel or invasive and undermines morale, affects productivity and can create a hostile work environment
• identification is the most critical step in specimen collection
• puncture devices - ensuring the quality and sterility of every needle and lancet is essential for patient safety
• labelling - Must be exact and requirements should be strictly followed
• collection priorities - Recognize which specimen request is the most critical or when a specimen involves special collection criteria
• delta checks - compare current results of a laboratory test with previous results for the same test on the same patient
• risk management - focused on identifying and minimizing situations that pose risk to patients and employees
• risk management:

  1. identification of the risk
  2. addressing the risk using policies and procedures
  3. education of employees and patients
  4. evaluation of what should be done in the future
• healthcare legal issues - activities that could result in a lawsuit if performed without reasonable care and skill
• tort is a wrongful act committed against someone's person, property, reputation, or other legally protected right
• malpractice - A type of negligence committed by a professional
• invasion of privacy - Violation of one’s right to be left alone
• breach of confidentiality - Failure to keep privilege information private
• informed consent - Voluntary and competent permission for a medical procedure, test, or medication
• HIV consent - Laws specify exactly what type of information must be given to inform the client properly
• consent for minors - Parental or guardian consent is required
• refusal of consent - An individual has a constitutional right to refuse a medical procedure
• implied consent - Imply consent without a verbal or written expression of consent