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approaches
behaviourist approach
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behaviourism is known as the
learning
theory of
behaviour
asusmptions
- all behaviour is
learnt
-
animals
and
humans
learn in the same way - the mind is
irrelevant
mind
is
irrelevant
-
quantifiable
behaviour is the main thing that is observed
animals
and
humans
learn in the same ways - we can
generalise
animal studies
classical
conditioning -
pavlov
pavlovs dogs
-
conditioned
to associate a
bell
ringing with food
principles
of classical conditioning -
generalisation
-
discrimination
-
extinction
-
spontaneous recovery
-
higher order conditioning
generalisation
- when stimuli
similar
to the original cs produces the
cr
discrimination
- stimuli
similar
to the original cs doesn't produce the cr
extinction
- when cr isn't produced as a result of the
cs
spontaneous recovery
- when a
previously
cr is produced in response to
cs
higher
order conditioning - when a
new cs
produces cr becuase it is associated with
cs
operant conditioning
- skinner
posiitve reinforcement -
desirable
is obtained in response to doing something
good
negative reinforcement
- when something is
removed
skinner
- rat box
watson
- little albertyy study -
9
month old baby - importance of
environment
in
learning behaviour
conditioning watson
-
white rat
shown with
loud noise
to make him
jumper
watson fear response
- after the
rat
and
noise
were
paired
together the
baby
started to
cry
at the
rat
operant conditioning
- learnt by trial and error
skinner box
- tested oeprant conditioning
reinforcement
-
consequence
of
behaviour
results in
increased liklihood
of behaviour being
repeated
positive reinforcement
- added something which
increased liklihood
of behaviour being
repeated
negative reinforcement
- something is
removed
punishment
-
decreases
liklihood of
repeating
a behaviour
pros
- development of
laws
and
predictions
with
practical application
pro - use of
objective
and
scientific
method
con
-
ethical
ussues -
practical application
to controling
behaviour
cons -
animal studies
are
less generalisable
deterministic
- behaviour is
environmentally
determined - no
free will
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